Page 25 - 《广西植物》2020年第4期
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4 期            刘成等: 基于 SRAP 标记的紫溪山华山松种子园无性系遗传多样性分析                                         4 6 3

  ( 1. South and Southeast Asia Joint R & D Center of Economic Forest Full Industry Chainꎬ Southwest Forestry Universityꎬ Kunming 650224ꎬ Chinaꎻ
    2. International Technologial Cooperation Base of High Effective Economic Forestry Cultiratingꎬ Southwest Forestry Universityꎬ Kunming 650224ꎬ
       Chinaꎻ 3. Key Laboratory for Forest Genetic and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Provinceꎬ Southwest Forestry
       Universityꎬ Kunming 650224ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Administration Bureau of Zixi Mountain Nature Reserveꎬ Chuxiong 675000ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China )

       Abstract: In order to clear genetic background of different provenances Pinus armandii colnes from seed orchard in Zixi
       Mountain of Chuxiong Cityꎬ Yunnan Provinceꎬ the needles of 60 clones were taken from six provenances which was used
       to extract total DNA by modified CTAB methodꎬ and the genetic diversity was analyzed by SRAP molecular markers. The
       results were as follows: (1) Fifteen pairs of polymorphic SRAP primers were screened from 100 pairs of primer combina ̄
       tions. After SRAP ̄PCR amplificationꎬ a total of 194 loci were obtainedꎬ and the percentage of polymorphic loci PPB=
       85.05%ꎬ Nei′s gene diversity index H= 0.233 7ꎬ Shannons information index I = 0.341 9ꎬ genetic differentiation coeffi ̄
       cient between population G = 0.355 5. (2) The genetic diversity of 6 provenances of P. armandii was highꎬ and the ge ̄
                           ST
       netic variation was mainly existed within provenances of P. armandii. The genetic distance between the Huize (HZ)
       provenance and the Weishan (WS) provenance was the closest (D = 0.050 1)ꎬ that the Huize (HZ) provenance and
       Yiliang (YL) provenance was the farthest (D = 0.361 8). (3) The cluster analysis showed that six P. armandii prove ̄
       nances there were classified into three categories: Huize (HZ) and Weishan (WS) provenances were in one categoryꎻ
       Chuxiong (CX)ꎬ Nanhua (NH) and Yiliang (YL) provenances were in the second categoryꎻ Tengchong (TC) prove ̄
       nance was a separate category. The results indicate that genetic differentiation in P. armandii clones from seed orchard in
       Zixi Mountain of Chuxiong City has a high levelꎬ and it can provide theoretical information and practical guidance for
       parent selections during the cross breeding and evaluation of germplasm resources of P. armandii as well.
       Key words: Pinus armandiiꎬ seed orchardꎬ cloneꎬ SRAPꎬ genetic diversity

       华山松( Pinus armandii) 是松科( Pinaceae) 松         行华山松杂交育种时ꎬ需有针对性地明确园内种
   属(Pinus)单维管束亚属的植物(陈有民ꎬ1990ꎻ 袁                     质的遗传多样性程度及各种质间的亲缘关系显得
   红宁和陈文辉ꎬ2010)ꎬ是我国特有的五针松高大                          尤为重要ꎮ 随着分子生物学研究的不断深入及相
   乔木ꎬ同时也是高海拔地区重要的造林树种之一                             关领域技术水平的进步ꎬ华山松遗传多样性的检
   (赵杨等ꎬ2003ꎻ辛培尧等ꎬ2010)ꎮ 20 世纪 70 年                  测方法不断得到完善ꎮ 例如:赵杨等(2012) 利用
   代起ꎬ云南和贵州等地相继对华山松进行遗传改                             ISSR 标记对贵州平坝华山松无性系种子园内的

   良ꎬ各自营建了数个优良无性系初级种子园ꎬ之后                            85 个无性系进行遗传多样性分析后发现ꎬ其遗传
   对其进行了遗传测定、优良家系选择及辅助授粉                             变异主要在种源内ꎻ祝娟(2016) 利用 SSR 分子标
   等工作( 王秀荣等ꎬ2007ꎻ翟思万等ꎬ2007)ꎮ 紫溪                     记对华山松 52 个自然分布群体进行遗传多样性
   山华山松无性系种子园位于楚雄市紫溪山ꎬ为国                             分析ꎬ结果表明遗传变异主要存在于个体内ꎬ且其
   家级林木良种基地ꎮ 由于缺乏对园内种质的不断                            遗传多样性水平较高ꎻ朱晓丹(2006) 利用 RAPD
   改良ꎬ该种子园仍然处于建园初期低级阶段ꎬ继而                            分子标记对紫溪山华山松种子园内的部分无性系
   出现病虫害严重及生产力低下的问题ꎬ因此ꎬ急需                            进行了遗传多样性研究ꎬ结果表明各种源之间具
   对园内种质进行改良和创新ꎮ 已有实践证实ꎬ杂                            有较大的遗传差异ꎬ且遗传多样性较丰富ꎮ 但由

   交育种是迄今为止对植物不良性状进行遗传改良                             于 RAPD( Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) 标
   的最为有效的方法之一ꎮ 多年来ꎬ华山松的杂交                            记相对较早ꎬ且与新型分子标记比较ꎬ存在一定的
   育种工作较为滞后ꎬ杂交亲本的选配多以形态及                             缺陷(阮桢媛等ꎬ2016)ꎬ其研究结果可能存在一定
   种源地为主要参考依据ꎬ不能明确所收集的种质                             的局限性ꎮ 上述相关研究为华山松的遗传改良及
   资源间遗传多样性的丰度及亲缘关系的远近ꎬ从                             种质资源的分子评价提供了重要的理论基础ꎮ
   而影响改良的程度及效果ꎮ 因此ꎬ在种子园内进                                在众多的分子标记中ꎬSRAP( Sequence ̄related
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