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                          Guihaia  Feb. 2023ꎬ 43(2): 234-241

            DOI: 10.11931/ guihaia.gxzw202110053
            朱华ꎬ 2023. 云南的硬叶常绿阔叶林———古地中海残余植被 [J]. 广西植物ꎬ 43(2): 234-241.
            ZHU Hꎬ 2023. Sclerophyllous evergreen broad ̄leaved forest in Yunnan — A remnant vegetation related to Tethys [J]. Guihaiaꎬ
            43(2): 234-241.



                    云南的硬叶常绿阔叶林———古地中海残余植被


                                                       朱  华     ∗


                                        ( 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园ꎬ 云南 勐腊 666303 )
                 摘  要: 云南从干热河谷到寒温性山地广泛分布有一类常绿、阔叶、以壳斗科栎属植物为乔木优势种的森林
                 植被ꎬ由于其独特的生态特征显示了与现代地中海地区硬叶栎林的相似性ꎬ而在群落的外貌、结构、特征种、
                 地理分布等方面却与云南的亚热带常绿阔叶林有明显区别ꎬ因此被称为“硬叶常绿阔叶林”ꎬ它是在喜马拉
                 雅隆升中因适应新的环境而发育的一个特殊植被类型ꎮ 该植被的优势树种具有古地中海地区渊源ꎬ但在分
                 布上大多为我国西南地区的特有种ꎮ 硬叶常绿阔叶林除优势树种为硬叶栎类以外ꎬ其他种类与同域天然植
                 被的物种组成基本一样ꎬ并没有一个独特的植物区系ꎮ 硬叶常绿阔叶林群落结构简单ꎬ典型的硬叶常绿阔
                 叶林群落有清楚的乔木、灌木和草本 3 个层次ꎬ而在生活型上ꎬ寒温性山地的群落以地面芽植物占绝对优
                 势ꎬ干热河谷的群落以草本植物占优势ꎮ 在中新世以前ꎬ硬叶栎类植物出现在湿润的热带-亚热带性质的古
                 地中海常绿阔叶林里ꎬ直到上新世以后ꎬ现代的地中海式气候形成ꎬ适应干旱的地中海植物区系出现ꎬ并随
                 喜马拉雅隆升ꎬ硬叶常绿阔叶林才从原先的热带-亚热带常绿阔叶林演化产生ꎮ
                 关键词: 硬叶常绿阔叶林ꎬ 生态特征ꎬ 物种组成ꎬ 地理分布ꎬ 起源与演化
                 中图分类号: Q948    文献标识码: A    文章编号: 1000 ̄3142(2023)02 ̄0234 ̄08


              Sclerophyllous evergreen broad ̄leaved forest in Yunnan

                         — A remnant vegetation related to Tethys



                                                                 ∗
                                                       ZHU Hua
                        ( Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Mengla 666303ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China )

                 Abstract: Widely occurred on diverse habitats from hot dry deep valleys to cold temperate mountainsꎬ the sclerophyllous
                 evergreen broad ̄leaved forest dominated by Quercus species (Fagaceae)ꎬ is an unique vegetation type in Yunnan. The
                 forest is similar to sclerophyllous oak forests in the modern Mediterranean regions on physiognomy. It differs obviously
                 from the other subtropical evergreen broad ̄leaved forests in Yunnan by its particular physiognomyꎬ structureꎬ
                 characteristic tree species and geographical distributionꎬ and is named as “sclerophyllous evergreen broad ̄leaved forest”
                 in the vegetation classification of Yunnan. The sclerophyllous forest is a special vegetation type developed to adapt to the
                 new environment during uplift of the Himalayas. The dominant tree species of the forest show Mediterranean floristic
                 affinityꎬ but they presently distribute mostly in southwestern China. Except for Quercus speciesꎬ its floristic composition
                 is the same as other neighbor vegetations. The community structure of sclerophyllous evergreen broad ̄leaved forest is
                 simple. The typical forest community has a profile of tree ̄shrub ̄herb layers as common forestsꎬ but hemicryptophyte
                 plants absolutely dominate in the communities on cold temperate mountainsꎬ and herbaceous plants dominate in the


              收稿日期: 2022-01-25
              基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41471051ꎬ 31970223)ꎮ
              第一作者: 朱华(1960-)ꎬ研究员ꎬ主要从事植被与植物区系研究ꎬ(E ̄mail)zhuh@ xtbg.ac.cnꎮ
              通信作者
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