Page 79 - 《广西植物》2023年第5期
P. 79

5 期         蓝春宝等: 苦竹-杉木混交林界面区克隆分株秆形和地上生物量分配的适应策略                                            8 5 9

                             ( 1. Longyou Forestry Extension Stationꎬ Quzhou 324400ꎬ Zhejiangꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Research Institute of
                                   Subtropical Forestryꎬ Chinese Academy of Forestryꎬ Hangzhou 311400ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: Pleioblastus amarusꎬ a bamboo species with wide distributionꎬ can be utilized for its high quality shoot and
                 timber. In order to explore the change characteristics of the culm form and the biomass distribution pattern of aboveground
                 components in the interface area of P. amarus and to understand how the bamboo species adapt to heterogeneous habitatsꎬ
                 pure stand of P. amarusꎬ Cunninghamia lanceolata and mixed forest with P. amarus and C. lanceolata were selected to
                 investigate culm formꎬ culmꎬ branch and leaf biomass of 1-2 year ̄old P. amarus in the central and boundary zone of the
                 pure forest and mixed forestsꎬ and the differences culm shape and aboveground module biomass accumulationꎬ allocation
                 and allometric grouth relationship were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The differences of biomass accumulation
                 and allocation of one ̄year old P. amarus in the interface area increased. Furthermoreꎬ the relative biomass of module and
                 leaf biomass allocation under the interface area of P. amarus forest increasedꎬ while the relative biomass of module and leaf
                 biomass allocation under the mixed forest interface decreased. Howeverꎬ the differences of biomass accumulation and
                 allocation of two ̄year old bamboos decreasedꎬ and there was no significant difference on relative biomass of module and
                 biomass allocation of two ̄year old bamboos on the two sides of the interface area. (2) Culm shape characteristics and the
                 allometric growth relationship of module biomass of the one ̄year old bamboo changed slightlyꎬ while allometric growth rate
                 of culm biomass of two ̄year old bamboo in the interface area of P. amarus stand increasedꎬ and those of the branches and
                 leaves decreased. All the above results indicate that the culm shape and biomass allocation pattern of P. amarus obviously
                 change under the interface area by balancing the relationship of resource allocation to enhance suitability and fitness to
                 heterogeneous environment.
                 Key words: Pleioblastus amarusꎬ heterogeneous environmentꎬ interface areaꎬ culm formꎬ biomassꎬ allometric growth




                植物表型形态特征是植物与环境条件长期适                            及生 物 量 因 养 分 异 质 性 而 显 著 增 加ꎬ 而 菖 蒲
            应的结果ꎬ与植物的生存对策和对资源的获取及                              ( Acorus  calamus )、   水   葱   ( Schoenoplectus
            利用能力密切相关( Xu et al.ꎬ2009)ꎬ而生物量是                    tabernaemontani) 和花蔺( Butomus umbellatus) 则无

            植物物质和能量积累的直接体现( 兰洁等ꎬ2020)ꎬ                         明显变化(Yu et al.ꎬ2020)ꎮ 可见ꎬ克隆植物通过
            异质环境下植物形态特征及其生物量分配格局的                              秆形和生物量可塑性调节提高自身的生境适应和
            变化能够反映植物为适应环境变化所采取的适应                              资源利用能力且不同植物生境适应策略存在差
            性调节策略ꎮ 克隆植物是指在自然条件下能够通                             异ꎮ 因此ꎬ开展克隆植物形态及生物量分配格局
            过营养繁殖自发产生多个在遗传上一致、形态和                              的环境效应研究ꎬ对于明确植物在与环境交互作

            生理上独立或者潜在独立个体的一类植物( Li &                           用中形成的生存适应策略具有重要意义ꎮ
            Takahashi 2003ꎻ Xu et al.ꎬ 2012)ꎬ空间上植物生                苦竹(Pleioblastus amarus) 隶属于禾本科大明
            长所需要的各种环境资源多呈斑块状分布ꎬ而克                              竹属ꎬ是优良的笋材兼用竹种ꎬ广泛分布于长江流
            隆植物则可通过克隆分株的可塑性调节适应异质                              域各省及云南、贵州等地ꎬ其竹秆通直ꎬ竹节长、质
            性环境( Xu et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ 徐苏男等ꎬ 2018)ꎬ克隆               轻ꎬ可制作工艺品和乐器ꎻ竹材纤维含量高ꎬ是理
            分株赋予克隆植物比非克隆植物具有更高的可塑                              想的造纸原料ꎮ 苦竹作为典型的克隆植物ꎬ其强
            性(解蕊等ꎬ2010)ꎮ 姜星星等(2014) 研究发现ꎬ                      烈的克隆整合功能使立竹能够高效地利用异质资
            异质光生境下大米草( Spartina anglica) 遮阴分株                  源ꎬ从而增强对环境胁迫的抵抗能力( 庄明浩等ꎬ
            的叶片数量和生物量较同质条件显著升高ꎻ而异                              2011ꎻGuo et al.ꎬ2017)ꎬ而立竹表型可塑性是竹子
            质水分下薇甘菊( Mikania micrantha) 通过克隆整                  适应生境并实现资源最优化配置的重要特征ꎬ对
            合显著提高了低水斑块克隆分株生物量ꎬ但对整                              提高竹子在生境中的竞争力和适合度有重要作
            个克隆片段生物量无明显影响( 李晓霞等ꎬ2017)ꎮ                         用ꎮ 目前ꎬ异质环境下竹子表型可塑性的研究主
            也有研究表明ꎬ香蒲(Typha orientalis)株高、分株数                  要集中在光照、水分、养分等单一环境下( Liu et
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