Page 31 - 《广西植物》2023年第6期
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6 期 童妍等: 蝴蝶兰新型杂交品种挥发性成分分析 1 0 1 7
Abstract: Phalaenopsis was the genus with the highest ornamental and commercial values among orchids. Phalaenopsis
with fragrance were rarely distributed in the market due to selection constraintsꎬ such as affinityꎬ ploidy and breeding
age. Thereforeꎬ research on transferring aroma traits into commercial Phalaenopsis are of great significance to the
breeding of Phalaenopsis. In order to investigate the key aroma ̄causing components among different varieties of
Phalaenopsisꎬ the floral fragrance components of the eight new hybrid varieties in full blooming period were examined by
headspace solid ̄phase microextraction and gas chromatography ̄mass spectrometry. The principal componentsꎬ clustering
and aroma quality analysis were performed based on the identification of floral substance components. The results were as
follows: (1) 96 substances were detected in eight varieties of Phalaenopsisꎬ mainly divided into eight categories of
terpenesꎬ aldehydesꎬ estersꎬ alcoholsꎬ ketonesꎬ ethersꎬ phenols and aromatic compoundsꎬ among which terpenes were
dominant in quantity and content and were the main volatile substances of Phalaenopsis. (2) Principal component
analysis showed that eight varieties were divided into three quadrantsꎬ F2 had the most volatile components and the most
quantityꎬ terpenes were mainly 1ꎬ8 ̄cineoleꎬ α ̄bergamoteneꎬ linalool and ( +) ̄calareneꎻ F1ꎬ F4ꎬ F5 and F8 were
divided into a group without ketonesꎬ ethers or phenolsꎬ and they had the least volatile components and terpenes were
mainly linaloolꎻ F3ꎬ F6 and F7 were divided into a group with more volatile components and the terpenes were mainly α ̄
bergamotene. (3) The results of cluster analysis were consistent with the principal component analysisꎬ and the eight
varieties were clustered into three categoriesꎬ F1ꎬ F4ꎬ F5 and F8 were more closely related to each other as floral odor
typesꎻ F3ꎬ F6 and F7 were more closely related to each other as woody floral qualityꎻ F2 showed a long genetic distance
from the other seven varietiesꎬ with complex floral components and relatively average contribution of volatile substancesꎬ
and both woodyꎬ minty and fruity types. This study shows that floral fragrance substances can be used as potential trait
markers to distinguish between groups of varieties with different fragrance characteristics and provide a theoretical basis
for further development and utilization research through cross selection to achieve specific floral fragrance Phalaenopsis
selection and product processing and production.
Key words: Phalaenopsisꎬ volatile componentꎬ GC ̄MSꎬ cluster analysisꎬ genetic distance
花香化合物是植物花朵释放的次生代谢物ꎬ 质居多发现ꎬ并特征香气物质榄香素ꎻ之后ꎬ以 4
在植物中表现出明显的多样性ꎬ一种植物中存在 个蝴蝶兰品种花朵挥发性成分进一步验证单萜类
十几种甚至上百种挥发物质ꎮ 普遍认为花香物质 化合物是蝴蝶兰花朵的主要致香成分ꎮ 在对兰花
有引诱传粉者、提供食物源信号、抵御昆虫和病原 花香成分差异比对时发现ꎬ蝴蝶兰中醇类物质在
体侵 害 等 功 能 ( Dobsonꎬ 1994ꎻ Shulaev et al.ꎬ 数量和相对含量上占优势( 彭红明ꎬ2009ꎻ杨慧君ꎬ
1997ꎻ孔莹等ꎬ2012)ꎮ 花香作为“花卉的灵魂”ꎬ现 2011)ꎮ 浓香型原生种荧光蝴蝶兰( P. bellina) 和
已有2 000多种花香物质从 90 个属 991 种植物类 大叶蝴蝶兰花香由芳樟醇和香叶醇及其衍生物等
群中被鉴定出来(Jette et al.ꎬ 2006)ꎮ 国内外已开 单萜类化合物决定(Hsiao et al.ꎬ 2006ꎬ 2008)ꎮ 杨
展大量芳香植物育种工作ꎬ如育成四季开花、芳香 淑珍和范燕萍(2008)在检测 2 个品种挥发性成分
浓郁香花月季群(李晋华等ꎬ2018)ꎻ培育具有香味 时推测ꎬL ̄沉香醇为香气物质的主要成分ꎮ 原生种
的常绿杜鹃品种( Ashworth et al.ꎬ 2003)ꎻ培育出 西蕾丽蝴蝶兰( P. schilleriana) 中挥发性成分主要
30 余个适宜北方陆露地栽培的梅花香花品种( 陈 为萜烯类和酯类物质ꎬ包含乙酸橙花酯、橙花醇、
俊愉等ꎬ1995ꎻ赵靓ꎬ2019)ꎻ此外ꎬ山茶也相继培育 香茅醇及乙酸香茅酯(Awano et al.ꎬ 1997)ꎮ
出芳香品种( 范正琪等ꎬ2014)ꎮ 随着蝴蝶兰鲜切 现代蝴蝶兰种质资源丰富ꎬ从常绿到落叶、大
花和盆栽蝴蝶兰市场的发展ꎬ以及人们对芳香植 花型到小花型均有ꎬ传统杂交育种受到遗传背景、
物的喜爱ꎬ香型蝴蝶兰市场的需求扩大ꎬ培育不同 基因组倍性、杂交亲和性等制约ꎬ香花育种进程缓
香型的蝴蝶兰品种将成为未来重要的育种方向ꎮ 慢ꎬ市场中鲜有香花品种流通ꎮ 不同物种间或同
肖文芳等(2020ꎬ2021) 鉴定得到大叶蝴蝶兰 一物种不同品种间花香组分仍有差异ꎬ并且目前
(Phalaenopsis violacea) 中的单萜类和倍半萜类物 对不同蝴蝶兰品种挥发性成分的研究相对较少ꎬ