Page 147 - 《广西植物》2026年第7期
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7 期 王丽等: 植物响应盐碱胁迫的生理分子和微生物学机制 1 2 4 3
( 1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinaryꎬ Qinghai Universityꎬ Xining 810016ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. School of Ecological and Environmental
Engineeringꎬ Qinghai Universityꎬ Xining 810016ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. National Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro ̄ecosystem
and Grass Variety Improvementꎬ Lanzhou Universityꎬ Lanzhou 730030ꎬ China )
Abstract: Soil salinization is a significant limiting factor affecting soil environment and agricultural productionꎬ
adversely impacting plant growth and metabolic activities. Through long ̄term evolutionary adaptationꎬ plants have
developed complex mechanisms to counteract saline ̄alkaline stress via intrinsic metabolic regulation. For instanceꎬ they
alter the morphological structure of roots and leaves to increase plant water uptake and transpirationꎬ activate antioxidant
defense systems (enzymes and compounds) to scavenge stress ̄induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)ꎬ accumulate
various osmotic substances (prolineꎬ soluble sugarꎬ soluble proteinꎬ and polyols) to regulate osmotic balanceꎬ maintain
cellular ion homeostasisꎬ modulate endogenous plant hormone levels ( abscisic acidꎬ gibberellic acidꎬ auxinꎬ and
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cytokinin) to coordinate growth and stress responsesꎬ and stabilize intracellular pH (HCO / CO stress) to ensure
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normal biochemical reactions. Moreoverꎬ plants respond to saline ̄alkaline stress by regulating the transcription of stress ̄
responsive genes and transcription factorsꎬ coupled with triggering signal transduction pathways. Meanwhileꎬ plant root
exudates function as chemical signals to selectively recruit specific beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere. This
recruitment process reshapes the diversityꎬ compositionꎬ structureꎬ and functional characteristics of the rhizosphere
microbial communityꎬ constructing a rhizosphere environment adaptive to saline ̄alkaline stress. Plant growth ̄promoting
microorganisms (PGPM)ꎬ recognized as the “second genome” of plants owing to their close symbiotic relationship with
plantsꎬ enhance plant saline ̄alkaline tolerance through various synergistic mechanisms. These primarily include
regulating plant hormone levelsꎬ controlling osmotic balanceꎬ enhancing the antioxidant defense systemꎬ maintaining ion
balanceꎬ promoting nutrient absorptionꎬ and regulating metabolic pathwaysꎬ thereby improving the plant’s tolerance to
salinity and alkalinity. In additionꎬ PGPM can influence the assembly of the rhizosphere microbial communityꎬ promoting
host plant growth and enhancing its stress tolerance by enriching beneficial microorganisms. This maintains their ability to
promote plant growth and mitigate stress effects. This review systematically summarizes the morphologicalꎬ physiologicalꎬ
molecular biologyꎬ and rhizosphere microbiological mechanisms by which plants respond to saline ̄alkaline stress. It
highlights the pivotal role of PGPM in sustaining plant life under saline ̄alkaline conditionsꎬ provides a robust scientific
foundation for sustainable agricultural development and ecological restoration in saline ̄alkaline regions.
Key words: saline ̄alkaline stressꎬ biological regulationꎬ plant growth ̄promoting microorganisms ( PGPM)ꎬ growth ̄
promoting effectꎬ rhizosphere microbial community
土壤盐碱化是影响土壤环境和农业生产的主 调控、化学改良剂施用和耐盐植物品种选育在内
要因素之一( Singhꎬ 2022)ꎮ 据估计ꎬ世界至少有 的一系列土壤盐碱化修复策略ꎬ其中植物生长促
1 / 3 的 耕 地 面 积 受 到 盐 胁 迫 的 影 响 ( Shi & Guꎬ 进 微 生 物 ( plant growth ̄promoting microorganismsꎬ
2020)ꎮ 此 外ꎬ Wang 等 ( 2023) 研 究 预 测 至 2050 PGPM)的应用是一项重要措施ꎬ该措施可减轻植
年ꎬ全球范围内大约 50%的农业土壤将因气候变 物 的 盐 毒 害ꎬ 并 改 善 土 壤 健 康 ( Ilangumaran &
化和不合理的土地利用方式而发生盐碱化ꎮ 根据 Smithꎬ 2017ꎻ Sarkar et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 已 有 研 究 表
第三次全国土壤普查ꎬ我国盐碱化土地面积接近 1 明ꎬ特定的微生物可通过介导离子稳态、调节植物
2 激素水平、促进渗透物质积累、提高抗氧化活性和
亿 hm ꎬ占 全 球 盐 碱 化 土 地 面 积 的 18% ( 凌 磊ꎬ
2021ꎻ Wang et al.ꎬ 2024)ꎮ 盐碱胁迫下ꎬ钠离子 增强养分吸收能力等途径提高植物耐盐性( Li H
(Na )和氯离子( Cl ) 引起植物渗透胁迫ꎬ导致离 et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 例如ꎬ在盐碱胁迫下ꎬ植物体内乙
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子失衡ꎬ继而造成植物氧化损伤ꎬ营养失衡和器官 烯的合成增加ꎬ过量的乙烯会抑制植物生长ꎬ而
衰老ꎬ甚至死亡( Yang & Guoꎬ 2018)ꎮ 因此ꎬ盐碱 PGPM 会产生 1 ̄氨基环丙烷 ̄1 ̄羧酸盐( ACC) 脱氨
地修复对改善我国生态环境和提高粮食产量具有 酶ꎬ催化乙烯生物合成的前体物质( ACC) 转化为
深远意义ꎮ 目前ꎬ诸多研究已提出包括地下排水 氨和 α ̄酮丁酸酯ꎬ从而降低乙烯含量( Riyazuddi et

