Page 144 - 《广西植物》2023年第12期
P. 144

2 3 1 0                                广  西  植  物                                         43 卷
                 Abstract: Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a typical tropical cash crop that is not chilling ̄tolerant. Low temperature stress
                 seriously affects the quality and yield of pitaya. It is an efficient and safe method to apply exogenous natural substances to
                 improve the chilling tolerance of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) not only regulates many physiological and biochemical
                 processes such as seed germinationꎬ growthꎬ fruiting and senescenceꎬ but also helps plants to cope with biotic and
                 abiotic stresses. Howeverꎬ the role of exogenous SA in chilling tolerance of pitaya has not been reported. To explore the
                 effect of exogenous SA on the morphology structure and physiology of pitaya seedlings under low temperatureꎬ the leaves
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                 of ‘Zihonglong’ seedlings were sprayed with SA at four concentrations (0.1ꎬ 0.3ꎬ 0.5ꎬ 0.7 mmolL ). after spraying
                 for 48 hꎬ seedlings were incubated at 4 ℃. The change in the morphology and leaf tissue structure of pitaya seedlings
                 were observed on 0ꎬ 3ꎬ 6ꎬ 9 d. Physiological indexes such as relative electrical conductivityꎬ contents of
                 malondialdehydeꎬ contents of osmotic regulators ( soluble sugarꎬ soluble proteinꎬ proline) and antioxidant enzyme
                 (superoxide dismutaseꎬ peroxidaseꎬ catalaseꎬ glutathione S ̄transferase) activities in leaves were measured. The results
                 were as follows: (1) Under low temperature stressꎬ pitaya seedlings showed chilling injury of Grade 0ꎬ GradeⅠand
                 Grade Ⅱ. The leaf shapeꎬ color and cell structure of pitaya with different chilling injury symptoms were quite
                 different. The percentages of GradeⅠand GradeⅡchilling injury of pitaya seedlings treated with SA were significantly
                 reduced. (2) Compared with the low temperature controlꎬ SA treatment could reduce the relative conductivity and
                 malondialdehyde contents of pitaya leavesꎬ and increase the contents of osmotic regulators and antioxidant enzyme
                                                                                ̄1
                 activities. (3) After comparing with different SA treatmentsꎬ SA at 0.3 mmolL had the best effects on relieving
                 chilling injury symptomsꎬ reducing the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde contentꎬ increasing the soluble sugar
                 and proline contentꎬ and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S ̄transferase. The optimal SA
                 concentrations for increasing soluble protein contentꎬ peroxidase activity and catalase activity were 0.7ꎬ 0.1 and 0.5
                        ̄1
                 mmolL ꎬ respectively. In summaryꎬ exogenous SA could alleviate chilling injury of pitaya seedlings under 4 ℃ꎬ and
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                 has a positive physiological effect on improving chilling tolerance of seedlingsꎬ and exogenous SA at 0.3 mmolL is
                 more suitable.
                 Key words: salicylic acidꎬ low temperature stressꎬ pitaya seedlingsꎬ morphologyꎬ physiology



                火龙果( Hylocereus undatus) 是仙人掌科量天               种的抗寒性大都采用“ 低温驯化” 的方式ꎬ利用人
            尺属植物ꎬ果实富含植物性蛋白、膳食纤维和维生                             工逐级降温进行火龙果低温适应锻炼ꎬ慢慢增强
            素等营养物质ꎬ具有润肠通便、降血糖血压、预防                             其抗性ꎬ并测定渗透调节物含量、抗氧化酶活性等
            肿瘤等药用功效ꎬ深受广大消费者和种植者的喜                              相关生理指标判断其抗寒性是否提高ꎮ 有研究发
            爱ꎮ 火龙果原产于中美洲地区ꎬ广泛引种于我国                             现ꎬ将火龙果幼苗或一年枝条逐级降温处理后ꎬ细
            广西、广东、浙江等多个地区( 乔谦等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 每                        胞中水分和叶绿素的含量降低ꎬ过氧化物酶、超氧
            年冬春季节ꎬ我国火龙果、香蕉、莲雾等( 魏秀清                            化物酶的活性增强ꎬ可溶性蛋白以及脯氨酸的含
            等ꎬ2016ꎻWang et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ李丹等ꎬ2019) 冷敏感             量均呈现升高的趋势ꎬ抗寒性提升效果明显( 张慧
            果树种植区常会遭受寒潮侵袭ꎬ低温冷害或冻害                              君和梁亚灵ꎬ2017ꎻZhou et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 此外ꎬ也有
            导致果实减产ꎬ果农经济损失惨重ꎮ 近年来ꎬ异常                            学者尝试了物理方法ꎬ用 38. 5 ~ 42. 4 Gy 剂量的
            低温情况常有发生ꎬ温度限制了火龙果种植区域                              60 Co γ 辐照离体火龙果幼苗ꎬ其相对电导率和丙二
            向北方拓展的趋势(刘涛等ꎬ2016)ꎮ 因此ꎬ如何提                         醛含量均减少ꎬ抗氧化酶活性与可溶性糖等渗透
            高火龙果抗寒性是目前理论研究和生产实践上亟                              调节物质含量均增加ꎬ火龙果抗寒性得以提高( 邓

            待解决的问题ꎮ                                            仁菊等ꎬ2018)ꎮ
                 植物的抗寒性与细胞膜透性、细胞中渗透调                               施加外源天然物质能提高抗氧化酶活性和渗
            节物含量、抗氧化酶活性密切相关ꎮ 低温会引起                             透调节物含量ꎬ缓解细胞氧化损伤ꎬ是提高植物抗

            植物细胞活性氧代谢紊乱ꎬ细胞膜脂过氧化加剧ꎬ                             寒性 较 为 高 效 且 安 全 的 方 法 ( Aghdam et al.ꎬ
            细胞内电解质大量外渗ꎬ造成植物低温伤害ꎮ 目                             2019ꎻTang et al.ꎬ2021)ꎮ 水 杨 酸 ( salicylic acidꎬ
            前ꎬ火龙果缺乏耐低温的品种ꎬ提高火龙果现有品                             SA)作为植物内的一种酚类化合物ꎬ不仅参与调节
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