Page 113 - 《广西植物》2025年第1期
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1 期 庞江豪等: 濒危植物小勾儿茶及其变种毛柄小勾儿茶的种群结构与动态特征 1 0 9
1ꎬ2 3 4 1
PANG Jianghao ꎬ WANG Yeqing ꎬ TANG Yunlong ꎬ ZHANG Dong ꎬ
1ꎬ2 1ꎬ2∗ 1ꎬ2
WU Hao ꎬ WEI Xinzeng ꎬ JIANG Mingxi
( 1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecologyꎬ Wuhan Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Wuhan 430074ꎬ Chinaꎻ
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100049ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Hubei Wufeng Houhe National Nature Reserve Administrationꎬ Wufeng
443400ꎬ Hubeiꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Jixi Management Station of Anhui Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserveꎬ Xuancheng 245300ꎬ Anhuiꎬ China )
Abstract: In order to explore the population structure and dynamic characteristics of rare and endangered speciesꎬ we
conducted field investigations of an endangered plant species ( Berchemiella wilsonii) and its variety ( B. wilsonii
var. pubipetiolata) across their entire distribution ranges in Chinaꎬ including Hubeiꎬ Anhuiꎬ and Zhejiang provinces. We
drew the population structure diagrams and designed the static life tables. Subsequentlyꎬ we fitted and plotted survival
curves for survival analysisꎬ calculated population dynamic index and used time series model to predict the population
development trends. The results were as follows: (1) The age class structure of B. wilsonii was irregular pyramid mold
and that of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata was a spindle ̄shaped structure. (2) The survival curves of the two species
tended to be the Deevey ̄Ⅲ typeꎬ indicating the high mortality rate at the juvenile stage. For both speciesꎬ the mortality
rate reached the peak at the age class Ⅵ. (3) The survival rate and cumulative mortality rate showed that B. wilsonii
entered the declining stage earlier than B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata. (4) The dynamic index suggested that populations
of these two species are increasingꎬ but they are sensitive to external disturbance. (5) Time series prediction indicated
that the number of individuals at each age class of B. wilsonii will increase with uneven degrees after the next 2ꎬ 4ꎬ 6
and 8 age classes. Howeverꎬ the number of young ̄ꎬ middle ̄ꎬ and mature ̄aged individuals of B. wilsonii var.
pubipetiolata will disappearꎬ decrease and increase in the futureꎬ respectively. Thereforeꎬ we should adopt different
conservation strategies for the two species. For B. wilsoniiꎬ appropriate forest thinning should be carried out to improve
light conditionsꎬ and human disturbance should be reduced to promote the seedling survival. For B. wilsonii var.
pubipetiolataꎬ it is necessary to strengthen research on artificial propagation technology and supplement the seedlings
timely in the wild to alleviate population decline.
Key words: Berchemiella wilsoniiꎬ B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolataꎬ population structureꎬ static life tableꎬ survival curveꎬ
dynamic indexꎬ time series prediction
近年来ꎬ由于人类活动造成的过度开发、环境 前ꎬ国内学者开展了大量种群结构和动态变化的
污染和气候变暖等原因ꎬ物种正在以远超估计的 研究ꎬ对濒危植物的保护和管理具有重要意义ꎮ
速度 灭 绝 ( Jurriaan et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻ Maeques et al.ꎬ 例如ꎬ王世彤等(2022) 通过对极小种群植物长果
2019ꎻ 王鸣雷等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 在我国 3 万多种高等植 安息香(Changiostyrax dolichocarpus) 进行种群结构
物中ꎬ受到威胁的物种占 15% ~ 20%ꎬ与物种保护 分析ꎬ发现其种群存在衰退趋势ꎻ袁春明等(2022)
相关的研究工作正在持续进行( 覃海宁和赵莉娜ꎬ 对 濒 危 植 物 景 东 翅 子 树 ( Pterospermum
2017ꎻMallapatyꎬ 2020ꎻ徐卫华等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 以种群 kingtungense)的研究发现ꎬ种群结构的改变会影响
为单位开展物种保护工作是实现科学保护的有效 其 种 群 动 态ꎻ 喻 丁 香 等 ( 2018 ) 对 铁 竹
途径ꎬ种群结构和动态规律是种群最基本的特征ꎬ (Ferrocalamus strictus)种群结构和群落特征的研究
也是种群生态学研究的基础科学问题ꎬ在濒危植 表明在理想的环境下ꎬ种群数量会不断扩大ꎮ 其
物的研究中至关重要(朱培高等ꎬ2024ꎻ王雨婷等ꎬ 中ꎬ静态生命表是种群数量动态研究的核心ꎬ可反
2024)ꎮ 种群结构涉及到种群内个体的龄级、大小 映种群的生存现状和种群对环境的适应性ꎬ其生
和数量分布情况ꎬ可反映种群的生存现状( 王世彤 存率、死亡密度、危险率等信息可直观地展示不同
等ꎬ2018)ꎻ种群动态是种群大小和数量结构在时 龄级个体存活能力的差异ꎮ 以生命表为基础进一
间和空间上的变化规律ꎬ可进一步预测种群的发 步研究动态指数和时间序列预测结果ꎬ不仅可以
展趋势(Wei et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻChhetri et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 目 预测种群未来发展趋势( Schenk et al.ꎬ 2003)ꎬ还

