Page 117 - 《广西植物》2025年第4期
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4 期 李金梅等: 基于 SLAF ̄seq 的广西八角种质资源遗传多样性分析 7 3 1
the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing ( SLAF ̄seq) technology was employed. This enabled an in ̄depth
investigation into the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci across 53 star anise population samplesꎬ gathered from
a variety of geographical territories within Guangxiꎬ as well as 42 samples of artificially selected superior
germplasm. Based on SNP polymorphismꎬ population genetic structure and genetic diversity analyses were conducted on
these star anise samples. The results were as follows: (1) From 95 star anise samplesꎬ a total of 1 588 Mb of sequencing
data and 643 690 SLAF tags were obtainedꎬ of which 74 434 were polymorphic SLAF tags. After filteringꎬ 2 690 564
population SNPs were identified. (2) The 95 star anise samples were classified into two fundamental clusters: ClusterⅠ
assimilated samples originating from the North Guangxiꎬ West Guangxiꎬ and some regions of Central Guangxiꎬ whereas
Cluster Ⅱ embraced the 42 samples of artificially selected superior germplasmꎬ coupled with samples from South
Guangxiꎬ East Guangxiꎬ and portions of Central Guangxi. (3) Populations from North Guangxi exhibited the highest
level of genetic diversityꎬ followed sequentially by those from Eastꎬ Centralꎬ Westꎬ and South Guangxi. In contrastꎬ the
artificially selected superior germplasm samples displayed the lowest degree of genetic diversity. In conclusionꎬ the study
effectively demonstrates that SNP molecular markersꎬ derived from SLAF ̄seq technologyꎬ are capable of efficiently
assessing the genetic diversity in samples from different regions of Guangxi and the samples of artificially selected
superior germplasm. This information acts as a significant theoretical guide for the conservationꎬ utilization of the star
anise genetic resources in Guangxiꎬ as well as the selection of superior germplasms.
Key words: Illicium verumꎬ SLAF ̄seqꎬ SNPꎬ genetic structureꎬ genetic diversity
八角(Illicium verum)ꎬ又称为大茴香或八角茴 以提高其生产力ꎮ 目前ꎬ八角的研究主要集中在
香ꎬ隶属于八角科(Illiciaceae)八角属(Illicium)ꎮ 从 其生物学特性、活性成分和药理作用等方面ꎬ如陆
系统发育学的角度来看ꎬ八角被划分为被子植物门 华业等(2024)探究光氮互作对八角幼苗生长和生
中的一个古老分支ꎬ揭示出它与木兰目植物的密切 理特性的影响ꎬ发现光照强度对八角幼苗的生长
亲缘关系ꎬ代表被子植物早期演化的一部分(中国 至关重要ꎮ 此外ꎬ已有研究对八角的化学成分和
科学院中国植物志编辑委员会ꎬ2016ꎻChen et al.ꎬ 药理学研究进展进行了详细综述ꎬ表明八角的生
2019)ꎮ 八角科植物的特征包括具有芳香的气味和 物活性取决于是否存在有价值的次生代谢物ꎬ如
独特的果实结构ꎬ凸显了其在植物分类中的特殊地 单萜类、倍半萜类、苯丙烷类和黄酮类等( Patra et
位(孙雪阳等ꎬ2011ꎻ曾丽萍等ꎬ2014)ꎮ 八角是一种 al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ Sharafan et al.ꎬ 2022 )ꎮ 同 时ꎬ Li 等
重要的香料和药材资源ꎬ在经济和药用方面具有不 (2022)通过鉴定八角果实中的 20 种化合物ꎬ并评
可忽视的价值(Wang et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 八角的干燥成 估它们的抗病毒和抗氧化活性ꎬ为开发新的天然
熟果实富含高浓度的芳香油ꎬ是食品工业中极为重 产物提供了科学基础ꎮ 但是目前ꎬ对八角的分子
要的香料成分ꎮ 八角芳香油具有独特的甜香和辛 遗传学研究相对较少ꎬ直接影响了八角优良种质
辣风味ꎬ因此在烘烤食品、酒类、饮料、糖果等食品 的筛选进程ꎬ这在一定程度上阻碍了八角产业的
领域中得到广泛应用(He et al.ꎬ 2024)ꎮ 在中医领 科学化发展ꎮ 以往的研究主要依赖于八角的花
域ꎬ八角因其具有温阳散寒、理气止痛的特性而被 色、叶形和果实外部形态等特征来划分种质资源
广泛用于治疗寒疝腹痛、腰膝冷痛等病症(国家药 类型ꎬ而缺乏遗传学的证据支持( 孙雪阳等ꎬ2011ꎻ
典委员会ꎬ2020)ꎮ 广西是我国最大的八角原产地 戴晓萧和江立庚ꎬ2019)ꎮ 在广西不同地区ꎬ八角
和主产区ꎬ种植面积和产量占比均超过全国总量的 种质资源的遗传背景尚未得到系统性的研究ꎬ各
85%(Liao et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎬ2023 年八角种植产业年产 地居群及人工筛选的优良种质间的遗传变异和群
值达 40 亿元ꎬ作为“桂十味”药材之一ꎬ其发展前景 体结构问题也未被充分阐明ꎮ
备受期待(Zou et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ SLAF ̄seq ( specific locus amplified fragment
八角的种质资源评价及优良品系筛选是提升 sequencing)技术是一种结合了限制性酶切和 PCR
其经济价值和药用价值的关键环节ꎮ 广西的种植 扩增步骤的高通量测序方法ꎬ主要用于基因组水平
者们通过嫁接换冠技术对低产八角林进行改良ꎬ 上的单核苷酸多态性( SNP) 鉴定和遗传变异分析

