Page 79 - 《广西植物》2025年第7期
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7 期 何斌等: 刺梨全长转录组测序分析及黄酮类化合物生物合成相关基因挖掘 1 2 7 1
Abstract: Rosa roxburghiiꎬ a medicinal and edible plant native to Southwest Chinaꎬ is renowned for its rich bioactive
compoundsꎬ including flavonoidsꎬ vitamin Cꎬ and polysaccharidesꎬ which exhibit significant anti ̄inflammatoryꎬ
anticancerꎬ and antioxidant properties. To advance the genetic research and application of R. roxburghiiꎬ this study
aimed to construct a comprehensive full ̄length transcriptome database and identify key genes involved in flavonoid
biosynthesis. Using PacBio Sequel Ⅱ single ̄molecule real ̄time (SMRT) sequencingꎬ mixed samples from six tissues
(flowerꎬ leafꎬ stemꎬ young barkꎬ mature barkꎬ and fruit) were analyzed. Bioinformatics tools were employed for
transcriptome assemblyꎬ functional annotationꎬ and structural characterization. The results were as follows: (1) A total
of 25 003 non ̄redundant isoforms were obtainedꎬ with an average length of 2 471 bp. Among theseꎬ 24 357 coding
sequences (CDS) were predictedꎬ averaging 1 727 bpꎬ with the majority ranging between 300 - 3 000 bp. (2)
Functional annotation using seven databases (GOꎬ KEGGꎬ Nrꎬ Swiss ̄Protꎬ TrEMBLꎬ KOGꎬ and Pfam) revealed that
24 859 isoforms (99.42%) were annotated. Notablyꎬ 99 transcripts were linked to flavonoid biosynthesis pathwaysꎬ
including phenylalanine ammonia ̄lyase (PAL)ꎬ chalcone synthase (CHS)ꎬ and flavonol synthase (FLS). (3) A total
of 1 930 transcription factors (TFs) from 82 families were identifiedꎬ with 55 TFs (e.g.ꎬ WRKYꎬ MYBꎬ and bHLH)
potentially regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. (4) Structural analysis predicted 95 long non ̄coding RNAs (LncRNAs)
and 12 588 simple sequence repeats (SSRs)ꎬ from which 10 545 SSR primer pairs were designed. The research findings
enrich the genetic database of R. roxburghiiꎬ providing a theoretical foundation for the next steps in molecular marker
developmentꎬ growth and developmentꎬ stress resistanceꎬ biosynthesis of secondary metabolitesꎬ as well as genetic
improvement and breeding.
Key words: Rosa roxburghiiꎬ single ̄molecule real ̄time sequencing technologyꎬ full ̄length transcriptomeꎬ bioinformatics
analysisꎬ flavonoid
刺梨( Rosa roxburghii) 源自中国西南地区ꎬ富 个黄酮类化合物生物合成途径描述较少ꎬ并且其
含维生素 C、黄酮、多糖、超氧化物歧化酶和三萜等 转录组数据库是基于 Illumina 公司 NovaSeq 6000
一系列有益健康的活性物质ꎬ这些成分赋予了它 平台进行的二代测序结果ꎮ 然而ꎬ二代测序技术
诸多潜在的健康益处ꎮ Xu 等(2014ꎬ2016ꎬ2017) 在建库时需要将转录本打成碎片而造成读长有限
通过一系列体外和体内实验证明刺梨黄酮类化合 (通常为 50 ~ 300 bp)ꎬ在转录本异构体组织过程
物在辐射防护及抗细胞凋亡等方面的作用ꎬXu 等 中存在较多嵌合体错误而丢失可变剪切等重要信
(2018)证实了刺梨黄酮类化合物在阿霉素诱导的 息ꎬ从而对后续的研究造成较大的影响ꎬ大大限制
心脏毒性中发挥保护作用ꎬ陈超等(2022) 发现刺 了转录组数据的深度开发ꎮ 随着三代测序技术的
梨总黄酮提取物在治疗小鼠 2 型糖尿病方面优于 兴起和应用ꎬ极大地降低了无参转录组的分析难
盐酸二甲双胍ꎻ随后浦贤等(2024) 进一步研究证 度ꎬ增强了获得样品完整基因组和全长转录组的
明刺梨黄酮有效地缓解了小鼠体重下降和结肠组 能 力ꎬ 更 有 利 于 转 录 组 的 深 度 分 析ꎮ Zong 等
织的病变ꎮ 除了在医学领域的开发潜力外 Zhao 等 (2024)利用 Nanopore 测序技术和 Hi ̄C 测序数据ꎬ
(2022)和 Ge 等(2024) 将刺梨提取物与其他材料 组装了 2 个染色体级别的刺梨和无籽刺梨基因
混合ꎬ研制出了无毒性、低残留并且能延长果蔬保 组ꎬ从全基因组水平证明了无籽刺梨的杂交起源
质期的包装材料ꎬ为刺梨及其加工产品的研发提 父母本为刺梨及长尖叶蔷薇ꎬ并且鉴定了 2 个在
供了新的突破口ꎮ 抗坏血酸合成途径中显示正选择迹象的基因及可
随着基因测序相关技术 的 发 展 和 成 本 的 降 能调控抗坏血酸合成途径的关键枢纽基因ꎻ文中
低ꎬ近年来已有二代高通量转录组测序技术与代 也阐述了基因复制有助于黄酮类化合物的积累ꎬ
谢组测序技术整合的应用ꎮ Su 等(2024) 通过整 但关于黄酮类化合物生物合成过程中相关基因更
合转录组学和代谢组学鉴定出调控刺梨中 3 个槲 为详细的内容较少ꎮ
皮素衍生物合成的关键基因ꎮ 但是ꎬ程宗明教授 本研究以‘贵农 5 号’ 刺梨花、叶、茎、嫩皮、老
主要针对槲皮素生物合成途径进行研究ꎬ而对整 皮和果共 6 种组织为材料ꎬ采用 PacBio 测序平台

