Page 191 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
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1 期              代英超等: 不同生长年限短萼黄连根内及根际微生物群落多样性研究                                            1 8 7

             ( 1. Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve of Zhejiangꎬ Linan 311323ꎬ Zhejiangꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Center for Medicinal Resources Researchꎬ Zhejiang
                 Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicineꎬ Hangzhou 311308ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Quality Assessment
                     and Development of Dao ̄Di Herbꎬ Hangzhou 311308ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Zhejiang Key Discipline in Traditional Chinese Medicine
                                          for Pharmaceutical Botanyꎬ Hangzhou 311308ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: To investigate the characteristics and diversity of microbial communities in roots and rhizosphere soils of
                 Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala with different growth yearsꎬ this study employed Illumina high ̄throughput sequencing
                 technology to sequence the roots and rhizosphere soils of 1 ̄year ̄oldꎬ 2 ̄year ̄oldꎬ and perennial plants. The results were
                 as follows: (1) The α diversity indices (Shannonꎬ Aceꎬ Chao 1) and the number of total operational taxonomic units
                 (OTUs) in the rhizosphere soils of microbial communities were significantly higher than those in the root tissue samples
                 of the same growth year. (2) Microorganisms in roots were predominantly composed of Proteobacteriaꎬ Actinobacteriotaꎬ
                 and Ascomycota as the dominant phylaꎬ with Bradyrhizobiumꎬ Allorhizobium ̄Neorhizobium ̄Pararhizobium ̄Rhizobiumꎬ
                 Actinoplanesꎬ and Leptodophora as predominant generaꎻ in contrastꎬ the rhizospheric soils exhibited Proteobacteriaꎬ
                 Actinobacteriotaꎬ Ascomycotaꎬ and Mortierellomycota as the dominant phylaꎬ while norank _ f _ Xanthobacteraceaeꎬ
                 Bradyrhizobiumꎬ norank _ f _ norank _ o _ Vicinamibacteralesꎬ Epicoleosporiumꎬ and Mortierella were identified as the
                 dominant genera. (3) The microbial diversity in both roots and rhizosphere soils of Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala

                 exhibited significant changes with growth yearsꎬ especially during the critical transition from the first to the second
                 year. (4) LEfSe analysis demonstrated dynamic shifts in signature microbial communities in roots and rhizosphere soils
                 across the growth stages of Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala. 1 ̄year ̄old roots were significantly enriched with
                 Actinoplanesꎬ Pseudonocardia and Epicoleosporiumꎬ while their rhizosphere soils were notably enriched with MND1ꎬ
                 Sphingomonas and Epicoleosporiumꎻ in contrastꎬ Bradyrhizobiumꎬ Steroidobacter and Saccharomycopsis were significantly
                 enriched in perennial rootsꎬ and Bradyrhizobiumꎬ Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter and Trichoderma were preferentially
                 enriched in perennial rhizosphere soils. Through this projectꎬ the structural characteristics and succession patterns of
                 microbial communities in roots and rhizosphere soils of Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala are preliminarily elucidatedꎬ
                 providing a theoretical foundation for developing microbial agents to enhance growth and disease resistance.
                 Key words: Coptis chinensis var. brevisepalaꎬ rhizospheric microorganismꎬ community diversityꎬ high ̄throughput
                 sequencingꎬ growth years



                短萼黄连( Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala ) 属    物的生长、次生代谢产物积累和抗逆性提升具有
            多年生草本植物ꎬ体内富含小檗碱ꎬ具有清热燥                              重要影响ꎮ 杜佳慧等(2022) 研究发现ꎬ多花黄精
            湿、泻火解毒等功效(茆菁华和刘学医ꎬ2012)ꎮ 然                         内生菌可显著提高种子发芽势和发芽率ꎬ促进幼
            而ꎬ长期受人为过度采挖以及生境破坏影响ꎬ其种                             苗生 长ꎮ 此 外ꎬ 从 石 榴 叶 内 生 真 菌 Phoomopsis
            群数量锐减ꎬ自然资源也渐趋枯竭ꎮ 目前ꎬ在安徽                            liquidambari 代谢产物中分离得到的 4 -羟基肉桂
            宣城、江苏宜漂山区、浙西部分山区等原产地ꎬ短                             酸ꎬ能有效猝灭病原菌群体感应ꎬ抑制病原菌生长
            萼黄连已难觅踪迹ꎬ仅在自然保护区有零星分布                              (Zhou et al.ꎬ2022)ꎮ 根际作为植物与土壤相互作

            (刘学医ꎬ2008)ꎮ 鉴于其濒危现状ꎬ自 2013 年起ꎬ                     用的关键区域ꎬ存在特定的微生物种群ꎬ这些微生
            短萼黄连被列为中国国家二级重点保护野生植                               物与植物根系相互作用ꎬ并受根系分泌物调节( 程
            物ꎮ 当前ꎬ短萼黄连只作为“宣黄连”收载于« 安徽                          龙媛等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 根际微生物在植物适应性调节、

            省中药饮片炮制规范»中ꎬ而并未收入«中国药典»                            养分吸收和免疫激活等方面发挥重要作用( 刘京
            (张莉和张小平ꎬ2005ꎻ陈萍萍和刘学医ꎬ2012)ꎮ                        伟等ꎬ2021ꎻ华喆等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 植物根际促生细菌在
                 植物内生菌是指在植物生长的某一时期或整                           根际微生物中具有绝对的数量优势ꎬ能在不同胁
            个生命周期内ꎬ存在于植物体内且未导致宿主植                              迫 条 件 下 促 进 植 物 生 长ꎮ 摩 西 管 柄 囊 霉
            物出现明显病害的一类微生物群体( 王志伟等ꎬ                             ( Funneliformis mosseae) 和 根 内 球 囊 霉 ( Glomus
            2015)ꎮ 内生菌与植物形成了互惠共生关系ꎬ对植                          intraradices)可通过增强青冈栎的抗氧化酶活性ꎬ
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