Page 44 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
P. 44
4 0 广 西 植 物 46 卷
( 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilizationꎬ Guangxi Institute of Botanyꎬ Guangxi Zhuang
Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. College of Tourism and Landscape
Architectureꎬ Guilin University of Technologyꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Nanning Arboretumꎬ Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Regionꎬ Nanning 530031ꎬ China )
Abstract: This study aimed to explore the growth capacity of Camellia nitidissima seedlings propagated under different
methodsꎬ two ̄year ̄old C. nitidissima seedlings propagated via three methods (tissue cultureꎬ cutting propagationꎬ and
seed propagation) were used as materialsꎬ and the growth traitꎬ photosynthetic capacityꎬ chlorophyll contentꎬ and leaf
structure were determined. The results were as follows: (1) Tissue ̄cultured seedlings had the strongest photosynthetic
capacityꎬ followed by seed ̄propagated seedlingsꎬ while cutting ̄propagated seedlings had the lowest. Both the maximum
net photosynthetic rate and light intensity adaptation range of tissue ̄cultured seedlings were significantly higher (P<
0.05) than those of the other two types of seedlings. Seed ̄propagated seedlings exhibited the highest apparent quantum
 ̄1
yield value (0.083 9 molmol ) and the strongest ability to utilize weak light. (2) The chlorophyll content in leaves of
 ̄1  ̄1
cutting ̄propagated seedlings and tissue ̄cultured seedlings (30. 83 mg g and 28. 26 mg g ꎬ respectively) was
 ̄1
significantly higher than that of seed ̄propagated seedlings (22.23 mgg ). (3) Seed ̄propagated seedlings had the
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lowest stomatal density (115.37 ind.mm ) and the largest stomatal area (150.1 μm )ꎬ making them more suitable for
shady environments. (4) Tissue ̄cultured seedlings had the most developed root systemꎬ the largest specific root lengthꎬ
and the lowest root tissue density. In terms of growth indicatorsꎬ tissue ̄cultured seedlings showed the best overall
performanceꎬ with the highest total dry weight (68.87 g)ꎬ plant height (85.75 cm)ꎬ and ground diameter (14.27 mm)ꎻ
seed ̄propagated seedlings ranked secondꎬ while cutting ̄propagated seedlings performed the worst. In conclusionꎬ the
growth capacity of C. nitidissima seedlings is closely related to the propagation methodꎻ the growth capacity of tissue ̄
cultured C. nitidissima seedlings is significantly superior to that of seed ̄propagated and cutting ̄propagated
seedlings. Thereforeꎬ tissue ̄cultured C. nitidissima seedlings can be promoted and applied in practical production. This
study provides a scientific basis for the propagation of superior varieties and protection of C. nitidissima.
Key words: Camellia nitidissimaꎬ propagation methodsꎬ photosynthetic characteristicsꎬ chlorophyll contentꎬ leaf
microstructureꎬ growth characteristics
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金 花 茶 ( Camellia nitidissima ) 为 山 茶 科 茶面积约4 333 hm ꎬ金花茶相关行业综合产值超
(Theaceae)山茶属( Camellia) 常绿小乔木或灌木ꎬ 过 10 亿元( 王凛ꎬ2023)ꎮ 金花茶自然繁殖率低ꎬ
其药用价值高ꎬ具有降血脂、降血压、抗癌、抗氧 生长速度慢ꎬ导致其产能受到严重制约ꎮ 刘益兴
化、清热解毒和止痢等功效( 陈永欣等ꎬ2013ꎻ陈瑶 等(2010)研究表明ꎬ繁殖方式对作物产能有极大
等ꎬ2022)ꎮ 同时ꎬ金花茶观赏价值极高ꎬ其花大艳 的影响ꎮ 但是ꎬ该类研究在金花茶领域仍存在缺
丽ꎬ是世界珍稀濒危观赏植物ꎬ素有“ 植物界的大 口ꎬ因此研究不同繁殖方式下金花茶苗木的生长
熊猫”和“ 茶族皇后” 等美誉ꎮ 金花茶主要分布于 能力对其种群延续、保护和大规模的良种扩繁及
中国广西南部及越南北部亚热带南缘和热带北缘 生产具有重要意义ꎮ
的热带季风气候区ꎬ生长于排水良好和土壤疏松 利用种子萌发、组织培养、扦插等繁殖方式可
的阴湿沟谷和林下溪旁ꎬ具有耐荫喜湿和忌强光 实现植物物种延续的目的ꎬ但不同繁殖方式培育
的特性(张本能和黄广宾ꎬ1986)ꎬ自然结果率和繁 的植株个体在外观形态、环境适应能力与资源获
殖能力较低ꎬ生长相对缓慢ꎬ加之森林砍伐和野生 取存在差异(Pokhrel et al.ꎬ2021)ꎮ 植物的外部形
苗被大量挖取ꎬ野生资源日趋减少ꎬ已被列入国家 态是植物生长状况的直接反应ꎬ而光合作用、叶绿
二级重点保护野生植物( 国家林业和草原局 农业 素含量、叶片解剖结构特征对植株生长状况的影
农村部ꎬ2021)ꎬ因此加强对金花茶的保护及研究 响会直观地反映到植物外部形态上ꎮ 光合作用是
已刻不容缓ꎮ 近年来ꎬ金花茶受到大众追捧ꎬ其产 影响植物产量的关键因素之一( 王頔等ꎬ2019)ꎬ光
业不断扩大ꎬ截至 2022 年仅防城港全市种植金花 合能力越强的植株长势越好生长速度越快ꎻ而在

