Page 169 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
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4 期                     陆雯文等: 钝叶酢浆草花粉活力测定与贮藏温度研究                                            7 2 7

                 optimal pollen storage temperature for six cultivars. An orthogonal experiment was used to screen the culture conditions
                 suitable for pollen germination. Different pollen viability staining methods including TTC stainingꎬ aceto ̄carmine
                 stainingꎬ I  ̄KI stainingꎬ and Alexander stainingꎬ were carried out and results were compared with those of the in vitro
                        2
                 germination assay to evaluate their reliability. To determine the effects of temperatures on pollen vitality and an optimal
                 pollen storage temperatureꎬ the pollens stored at different temperatures (28ꎬ 4ꎬ -20ꎬ -80 ℃) for different periods (0ꎬ
                 1ꎬ 2ꎬ 5ꎬ 10ꎬ 15ꎬ 20ꎬ 25ꎬ 30ꎬ 40ꎬ 50ꎬ 60 d) were assayed. The results were as follows: (1) The optimal culture
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                 condition for the in vitro germination of O. obtusa pollens was 20 gL agar+100 gL sucrose+200 mgL H BO +
                                                                                                    3  3
                          ̄1
                 200 mgL CaCl ꎬ at 25 ℃ for 4 h. (2) The in vitro germination method significantly affected the pollen vitality of
                              2
                 O. obtusa. It was found that the pollen vitality ratio determined by I  ̄KI staining or aceto ̄carmine staining was
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                 significantly higher than that determined by in vitro germination method. The TTC staining did not work on O. obtusa. The
                 Alexander staining revealed a pollen vitality ratio that had no significant difference from that by the in vitro germination
                 method. (3) The descending speed order of the O. obtusa pollen viability at different temperatures was room temperature
                 (28 ℃) > 4 ℃ > - 20 ℃ > - 80 ℃ꎬ and the optimal storage temperature was - 80 ℃. To summarizeꎬ this study
                 systematically studied the optimal culture conditions for the in vitro germination of O. obtusa pollens and determined that
                 the Alexander method is the most efficient and accurate staining method for pollen viability. This research results provide
                 important theoretical basis for improing artificial pollinationꎬ hybrid breedingꎬ pollen collection and pollen storage of
                 O. obtusaꎬ which can potentially solve the problems of missing flowering period and long ̄distance pollination.
                 Key words: Oxalis obtusaꎬ pollen viabilityꎬ in vitro germinationꎬ Alexander staining methodꎬ storage temperature




                钝叶酢浆草(Oxalis obtusa)简称“OB 酢”ꎬ是酢                活力的高低直接影响到杂交育种的结果( 俞芹等ꎬ
            浆草科(Oxalidaceae) 酢浆草属(Oxalis) 植物ꎬ是秋                2018)ꎮ 钝叶酢浆草是典型的三型花柱植物ꎬ包括
            植酢浆草类中品种资源最为丰富的一种( 许巧贤                             长花柱型、中花柱型和短花柱型 3 种类型ꎬ存在
            等ꎬ2021)ꎬ广泛分布于非洲纳米比亚等地区(李娜                          上、下两轮雄蕊( Marco & Arroyoꎬ 1998)ꎮ 不同花
            等ꎬ2022)ꎮ 与大多数原产于南非的物种一样ꎬ钝叶                         柱类型的植株ꎬ其花粉活力存在差异ꎻ同一种 / 品
            酢浆草也是在秋季种植ꎬ冬、春季节生长开花ꎬ夏季                            种上、下两轮的花粉活力也存在差异( 宋费玲等ꎬ
            休眠ꎮ 其花期长达半年的时间ꎬ最早可在 12 月开                          2021)ꎮ 因此ꎬ检测其花粉活力对提高钝叶酢浆草
            花ꎬ盛花期为 2—4 月ꎬ4 月底至 5 月逐渐休眠ꎻ它的                      杂交育种的效率十分必要ꎮ 钝叶酢浆草还存在花
            花期相对较晚ꎬ冬季至初春才会陆续绽放ꎬ被归类                             期不遇、异地授粉等问题ꎬ因此低温贮藏是保存花
            为晚花类(唐小云等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 钝叶酢浆草掌状复叶                         粉活力的常见方法ꎬ以延长花粉寿命ꎬ为杂交育种
            由 3 片心形小叶组成ꎬ花单生ꎬ多为粉色、砖红色、橙                         解决时空限制问题(肖玉菲等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 由此可见ꎬ
            色、黄色或白色ꎬ几乎涵盖了所有暖色系ꎬ在不同的                            研究钝叶酢浆草花粉的最佳贮藏温度对其杂交育
            温度和温差下ꎬ花色会有所变化ꎮ 钝叶酢浆草品种                            种工作十分重要ꎮ
            繁多ꎬ花色丰富ꎬ植株小巧紧凑ꎬ花量大ꎬ具有较高                                目前ꎬ关于酢浆草属花粉的研究大多集中在
            的观赏价值ꎬ适合盆栽和地被种植ꎬ具有较大的园                             花粉形态学方面ꎬ杨德奎和吴晓霞(2004)、陈明林
            艺开发价值(许巧贤等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 钝叶酢浆草的自然                         等(2007)均对酢浆草属花粉形态特征进行观察ꎬ
            结实率较低ꎬ多以种球繁殖为主ꎬ开发其园艺价值                             Lopez 和 Rosenfeldt(2016) 对南美洲特有的 13 种
            必须通过杂交育种进行品种创新ꎮ 但是ꎬ钝叶酢浆                            酢浆草进行花粉形态研究ꎬ陈生煜等(2024) 对 14
            草 为 异 型 花 柱ꎬ 并 且 部 分 品 种 存 在 生 殖 隔 离               种酢浆草属植物花粉形态及表面纹饰进行观测ꎬ
            (Krejc ˇíková et al.ꎬ 2013)ꎬ还有花期不遇等问题ꎬ造            这些研究为酢浆草的分类学研究提供了一定基

            成了钝叶酢浆草杂交育种工作存在一定的困难ꎮ                              础ꎬ但在花粉生理学方面的研究相对匮乏ꎮ 贾文
                 花粉作为遗传物质的载体( 刘帅和彭方仁ꎬ                          庆等(2010)利用离体培养法筛选出了最适合红花
            2023)ꎬ包含父本所有的遗传信息且具有较强的遗                           酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa) 花粉萌发的培养基ꎻTsai
            传保守性(刘帅和彭方仁ꎬ2023ꎻ张琪等ꎬ2024)ꎬ其                       等(2010)使用荧光变色反应来测定台湾红花酢浆
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