Page 94 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
P. 94
6 5 2 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: Kiwifruit bacterial canker ( KBC)ꎬ caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiaeꎬ is a devastating
disease. Compared with chemical control methodsꎬ microbial ̄based disease control offers significant advantagesꎬ
including exceptional environmental compatibilityꎬ robust sustainabilityꎬ and a reduced likelihood of developing pathogen
resistance. Through literature reviewꎬ this article systematically summarizes the disease characteristicsꎬ pathogenic
bacteriumꎬ and transmission routesꎬ as well as the main microorganism species used in biological controlꎬ core biocontrol
mechanismsꎬ and practical applications of microorganisms in the biocontrol of KBC. The aim of this study is to provide
theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable biocontrol of KBC. The results are as follows: ( 1)
Biocontrol microorganisms are highly diverse. The microorganisms with control effects on KBC mainly included four
categories: bacteriaꎬ actinomycetesꎬ fungiꎬ and bacteriophages. Among theseꎬ Bacillus and Pseudomonas (bacteria) and
Streptomyces (actinomycetes) are the most widely used and exhibit significant efficacy. (2) The biocontrol mechanisms
involve both direct and indirect pathways. Direct mechanisms include the secretion of antimicrobial peptidesꎬ antibiotics
and other antimicrobial substances to dissolve pathogenic bacterial cell wallsꎬ blocking infection sites through nutritional
competition and spatial occupationꎬ as well as direct disruption of pathogen structure via parasitismꎻ indirect mechanisms
primarily involve the induction of systemic resistance in host plants to enhance resistance to KBC. Most highly effective
biocontrol strains employ both mechanismsꎬ demonstrating superior efficacy compared with strains relying on a single
mechanism. (3) In the same studyꎬ the control efficacy and stability of composite microbial agents are generally superior
to those of single microorganisms. The synergistic effects among different strains not only broaden the antimicrobial
spectrum but also enhance the colonization rate and stress tolerance of the strains on plant surfaces. In summaryꎬ this
article clearly identifies the core issues in the current field of KBC biocontrol and puts forward targeted
recommendations.
Key words: kiwifruitꎬ bacterial cankerꎬ microorganismsꎬ biocontrolꎬ advances
猕猴桃(Actinidia Lindl.)富含多种维生素和矿 强、传播速度快、难以预防和控制等特点ꎬ对猕猴
物质ꎬ被誉为“ 水果之王” ( Han et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 其 桃产量和品质有重大影响(Zhao et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ
因营养丰富且兼具保健功能与药用价值ꎬ深受消 目前ꎬ生产上对 KBC 的防治以预防为主ꎬ包括
费者喜爱(Deng et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 中国是世界上主要 使用春雷霉素、四霉素和中生菌素等农用抗生素
的猕猴桃生产国与销售国ꎬ其种植面积与产量均 ( Wang et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ 李晨等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 但是ꎬ这些药
居世界首位ꎮ 根据中国园艺学会猕猴桃分会统 剂的长期使用不仅会导致抗药性菌株的出现和抗
计ꎬ截至 2024 年 8 月ꎬ中国猕猴桃种植总面积达 生素的残留等问题ꎬ而且也不利于猕猴桃产业的
29.2 万 hm ꎬ其中结果面积约 19.9 万 hm ꎬ占总种 绿色健康发展(Massart et al.ꎬ 2015)ꎮ 利用天然存
2
2
植面积的 68%ꎻ从全国产量来看ꎬ2023 年累计产量 在的微生物及其代谢产物防治植物病害ꎬ不仅具
为 382.6 万 t(李大卫等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 自 2013 年以来ꎬ 有环境相容性高、可持续性强、不易使病原菌产生
随着国家一系列惠农政策的相继实施ꎬ我国猕猴 抗药性等优点ꎬ部分微生物及其代谢产物还兼具
桃产业逐步迈向规模化、标准化发展阶段ꎬ并实现 促进植物生长和改善土壤生态环境的功能ꎬ近年
了快速成长ꎮ 目前ꎬ中国贫困地区的猕猴桃栽培 来逐渐成为病害防治领域的研究热点( El ̄Saadony
面积占全国总栽培面积的 46.4%ꎬ猕猴桃种植业 et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ
已成为助力国家精准扶贫、推进乡村振兴与促进 综合 现 有 研 究 进 展 来 看ꎬ 利 用 微 生 物 防 治
生态文明建设的重要产业之一( 李大卫等ꎬ2024)ꎮ KBC 的研究整体处于实验室或温室验证向田间应
然 而ꎬ 由 丁 香 假 单 胞 菌 猕 猴 桃 致 病 变 种 用的过渡阶段ꎬ部分有益微生物已在田间推广应
( Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiaeꎬ Psa) 引起的 用并取得了一定成效(Santos et al.ꎬ 2024)ꎮ 然而ꎬ
猕猴 桃 细 菌 性 溃 疡 病 ( kiwifruit bacterial cankerꎬ 研究与应用具有明显的地域性特征ꎬ虽在实验室
KBC)是一种在全球各猕猴桃种植区均有发生的 中展现出优异的防治效果ꎬ但田间应用稳定性欠
毁灭性病害( Vannesteꎬ 2012)ꎮ 该病具有暴发性 佳ꎬ因此尚未实现大规模产业化替代化学防治ꎮ

