Page 123 - 《广西植物》2020年第10期
P. 123

1 5 0 6                               广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
       Abstract: Metapetrocosmea peltata (Gesneriaceae) is an endemic species distributed in the middle and southern moun ̄
       tainous area of Hainan Island. In this studyꎬ we collected 172 M. peltata individuals from 11 natural populationsꎬ and as ̄
       sessed the genetic diversity and differentiation of this species based on sequence variation of intergenic transcribed spacer
       (ITS) region. In additionꎬ the factors that may impact the level and distribution of genetic diversity were explored. The
       results were as follows: (1) M. peltata had a high level of genetic diversity at its species level (H = 0.998ꎬ π =
                                                                                   T
       0.023 5)ꎬ howeverꎬ the gene flow between populations was very weak (N = 0.04)ꎬ whereas the genetic differentiation
                                                              m
       was quite strong (G = 0.375). (2) Most haplotypes of M. peltata were population specificꎬ only except for BM and NM
                      ST
       populationsꎬ which shared a few haplotypes. (3) Mantel test showed that the genetic distances between haplotypes were
       correlated with their geographic distances (correlation index r = 0.322ꎬ P = 0.010). (4) Structure analysis clustered
       individuals of M. peltata into six genetic groupsꎬ whose geographic distributions were largely concordant with the isolation
       pattern of Hainan mountainous area caused by Changhua River. The geographic distribution of genetic clusters was fur ̄
       ther supported by population cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance. This study manifests the isolation effect of
       Changhua River on the distribution of genetic diversity of M. peltata. (5) AMOVA analysis showed that 67% genetic
       variation was partitioned among populationsꎬ suggesting genetic differentiation of this species was mainly caused by geo ̄
       graphic isolation. In conclusionꎬ geographic isolation of Hainan mountainous area caused by Changhua River and its
       tributaries should be the driving force for the strong genetic differentiation among M. peltata populationsꎬ and also may
       lead to the high genetic diversity detected at the species level of M. peltata. This study not only provides recommendation
       for efficient conservation and utilization of M. peltataꎬ a potential ornamental plant speciesꎬ but also facilitates the under ̄
       standing of geographic distribution of genetic variation for Hainan Island endemic and other plant species.
       Key words: Metapetrocosmea peltataꎬ genetic diversityꎬ genetic constructureꎬ geographic isolationꎬ island endemic species

       岛屿物种的分布区通常比较狭小ꎬ种群规模                           科的 多 样 性 热 点 地 区 之 一 ( 李 振 宇 和 王 印 政ꎬ

   小ꎬ基因流受岛屿复杂地形的影响而减弱或阻断ꎬ                            2005ꎻ 韦毅刚等ꎬ 2010ꎻ 许为斌等ꎬ 2017)ꎮ 海南
   是研 究 种 群 遗 传 分 化 的 理 想 材 料 ( 王 中 生 等ꎬ             岛共有 24 种苦苣苔亚科植物ꎬ包括 2 个特有属和
   2004)ꎮ 岛屿的气候、地形等因素会影响种群的大                         8 个特有种(含 1 变种)(韦毅刚等ꎬ 2010ꎻ 邢福武ꎬ
   小与分 布ꎬ 进 而 影 响 其 遗 传 多 样 性 与 遗 传 结 构              2012)ꎮ 昌化江及其支流是导致海南岛中南部山地
   (Stuessy et al.ꎬ 2014)ꎮ 海南岛具有明显的地形特               彼此隔离的重要因素ꎬ海南苦苣苔科植物的起源与
   征ꎬ五指山和鹦哥岭为海南最高峰ꎬ以其为中心向                            进化很可能受到昌化江河谷以及岛屿地质历史的
   外围海拔逐渐降低( 邢福武ꎬ 2012)ꎮ 昌化江为海                       影响(王策等ꎬ 2015ꎻ 凌少军等ꎬ 2017)ꎮ
   南第二大河ꎬ它发源于琼中空禾岭ꎬ横贯海南岛的                                盾叶 苣 苔 ( Metapetrocosmea peltata) 隶 属 于 苦
   中西部ꎬ自东北向西南流经琼中五指山ꎬ在乐东县                            苣苔科盾叶苣苔属ꎬ为单种属ꎬ是海南特有种ꎬ通

   转向西北ꎬ经东方市和昌江县向西汇入北部湾( 周                           常生长在海拔 400 ~ 800 m 的湿润岩壁上或石壁夹
   祖光ꎬ 2015)ꎮ 昌化江支流众多ꎬ将海南岛中南部                        缝中ꎬ种群 呈 斑 块 分 布ꎬ对 生 境 要 求 严 格ꎮ 近 年
   山地分割为不连续的地理区域ꎬ这种地形特点对                             来ꎬ由于气候变化、局部地区干旱加剧、溪流干涸ꎬ
   海南特有植物遗传多样性和遗传分化的影响目前                             导致盾叶苣苔部分种群缩减甚至灭绝ꎬ现已被列

   并没有得到深入研究ꎮ                                        入易危物种名单( 韦毅刚等ꎬ 2010)ꎮ 盾叶苣苔现
       苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物大多具有独特的                   存种群的遗传变异是否充足ꎬ昌化江引起的海南

   花形与花色和良好的耐荫性ꎬ观赏价值极高ꎬ因而                            岛中南部山地隔离是否影响了盾叶苣苔遗传变异
   受到 广 泛 关 注 ( 温 放ꎬ 2008ꎻ 代 正 福 和 罗 冠 勇ꎬ            的地理分布ꎬ如何有效地保护盾叶苣苔的遗传多
   2009ꎻ 史佑海等ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 中国苦苣苔科植物均属                     样性ꎬ这些问题尚未得到解答ꎮ 核糖体转录间隔
   于苦苣苔亚科ꎬ海南岛及其附近地区是苦苣苔亚                             区(ITS)替换速率快、测序难度小ꎬ常用于近缘类
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