Page 115 - 《广西植物》2020年第7期
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7 期                   黄代红等: 黑面神雌花气味传粉前后的变化及其生态意义                                          1 0 1 1

                          1ꎬ2                2                 3              2∗             2
        HUANG Daihong ꎬ WANG Zhibo ꎬ YANG Lifang ꎬ SHI Fuchen ꎬ LI Houhun
  ( 1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecologyꎬ College of Grassland and Environment Sciencesꎬ
         Xinjiang Agricultural Universityꎬ Urumqi 830052ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. College of Life Sciencesꎬ Nankai Universityꎬ Tianjin 300071ꎬ Chinaꎻ
                            3. Tianjin Forestry and Pomology Instituteꎬ Tianjin 300012ꎬ China )

       Abstract: The floral scent is the key chemical signals for maintaining nursery pollination mutualisms between Phyl ̄
       lantheae plants and Epicephala moths. At pollination stageꎬ the floral scent could guide obligate pollinators to encounter
       their host plants for pollination service and laying eggs. Until post ̄pollinationꎬ it also plays other potential ecological
       functions. Hereꎬ floral volatiles of female flowers of Breynia fruticosa(Phyllanthaceae) at pre ̄pollinationꎬ pollination and
       post ̄pollination stages were collected by dynamic headspace absorption techniqueꎬ respectivelyꎬ then chemical compo ̄
       nents using gas chromatography ̄mass spectrometry(GC ̄MS). We have determined whether there are variations of floral
       scent at pre ̄pollinationꎬ pollination and post ̄pollination stages by conducting principal component analysis. The results
       showed that a total of 22 volatile compounds were detected from the floral scent of female flowers of B. fruticosa at pre ̄
       pollination stage(12 compounds)ꎬ pollination stage(15 compounds)ꎬ and post ̄pollination stage(13 compounds)ꎬ which
       were mainly contained fatty acid derivatives and terpenoids. 3 ̄Hexenalꎬ (E) ̄2 ̄Hexenalꎬ (Z) ̄3 ̄Hexen ̄1 ̄olꎬ (Z) ̄3 ̄
       Hexenyl acetateꎬ (E) ̄β ̄Ocimeneꎬ β ̄Caryophylleneꎬ β ̄Humuleneꎬ (EꎬE) ̄α ̄Farnesene and Longiborneol were considered
       as the major scent component(the relative amount>5% ). Multivariate statistical analysis showed there were obviously
       qualitative differences in chemical compositions of the floral scents from female flowers at pre ̄pollinationꎬ pollination and
       post ̄pollination stagesꎬ and such differences were result from changes of the main scents compounds among different
       flowering stages. For exampleꎬ the content of (E) ̄β ̄Ocimene is the highest at pollination stageꎬ whereas it significantly
       decreased after pollination. 3 ̄Hexenalꎬ (E) ̄2 ̄Hexenalꎬ (Z) ̄3 ̄Hexen ̄1 ̄ol and (Z) ̄3 ̄Hexenyl acetate are the four
       most abundant compounds at pre ̄pollination stage. β ̄Caryophyllene obviously increased and Longiborneol newly
       appeared at post ̄pollination stage. Both β ̄Humulene and (EꎬE) ̄α ̄Farnesene sigificantly increased at pollination and
       post ̄pollination stages. In additionꎬ the volatile release amount of female flowers at pollination stage emitted significantly
       more volatiles than that at pre ̄ and post ̄pollination stagesꎬ respectively. The strong reduced emission of floral bouquet
       and significant variation in the chemical composition in female flower scents at post ̄pollination stage may be a function as
       post ̄pollination mechanisms to efficiently reduce further flowers visitꎬ thereby to limit seed predation. It was specultated
       that such qualitative and quantity differentiation in floral scent from Phyllantheae plants at pre ̄pollinationꎬ pollination
       and post ̄pollination stages might have the important chemical ecological significance for maintaining in stability of
       nursery pollination mutualisms between Phyllantheae species and Epicephala moths.
       Key words: floral scentꎬ GC ̄MSꎬ pre ̄ and post ̄pollination stageꎬ Breynia fruticosaꎬ Epicephala mothꎬ obligate pollina ̄
       tion mutualisms

       在植物与昆虫专性传粉互利共生关系中ꎬ叶                           2004aꎬbꎻZhang et al.ꎬ2012aꎬb)ꎮ 花气味是一类低

   下珠科( Phyllanthaceae) 植物和头细蛾属( Epicep ̄             分子量、易挥发的有机化合物( Schiestlꎬ2010)ꎬ它
   hala)昆虫共生系统最近成了关注热点(Kawakita &                    作为一类重要化学信号ꎬ可以诱导传粉者迅速、准
   Katoꎬ2006ꎻHembry et al.ꎬ2013)ꎬ头细蛾专门在该             确定位到植物ꎬ促使双方相遇ꎬ进而从各自搭档中
   科植物的雄花上积极采集花粉ꎬ主动为雌花传粉ꎬ                            获取相应报酬ꎮ 因此ꎬ它在植物与昆虫专性传粉
   同时在子房里产卵ꎬ其孵化的幼虫仅消耗宿主完                             互利共生关系中起着非常关键的作用( Hossaert ̄
   整果实中的部分种子即可完成发育ꎬ其余种子用                             McKey et al.ꎬ2010)ꎮ
   来保证宿主正常繁衍后代ꎬ这样两者之间就建立                                 目前ꎬ有关花气味在叶下珠科植物-头细蛾专
   了 专 性 传 粉 互 利 共 生 关 系 ( Kawakita & Kato           性传粉互利共生体系中的研究主要集中于三个方
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