Page 40 - 《广西植物》2020年第7期
P. 40

9 3 6                                 广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
       Abstract: To explore long term preservation of Pinus massoniana seeds through cryopreservation technologyꎬ aseptic
       seeds of P. massoniana with different water contents (WC) (27.4%ꎬ 24.6%ꎬ 22.7%ꎬ 16.8%ꎬ 15.8%ꎬ 10.7%ꎬ 7.5%ꎬ
       6.1%ꎬ 4. 8%ꎬ 3. 2%) were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Our results showed that: ( 1) The germination of
       cryopreserved seeds increased when the seed WC elevated from 3.2% to 6.1%ꎬ reaching the highest rate of 91.33% at
       the optimum WC of 6.1%ꎻ Howeverꎬ seed germination decreased as WC further increased from 6.1% to 27.4%ꎬ in
       particularꎬ with a rapid decline in germination of seeds with 15.8% or higher WCꎻ There is a wide range of safe WCꎬ
       within 3.2%-7.5%ꎬ the average germination rate reached above 80%. (2) In addition to WCꎬ freezing and thawing
       methods also affected cryopreservation. Rapid freezing by directly immersing seeds into liquid nitrogen is better than
       pre ̄freezing at -20 ℃ prior to liquid nitrogen freezingꎻ a slow air ̄thawing at room temperature gave a better germination
       result compared with a rapid thawing in a 42 ℃ water bath that caused seed episperm cracking. (3) The episperm also
       played an important roleꎬ which protected the seeds from the mechanical damage. The germination rates without episperm
       were significantly lower than those with epispermꎬ and the abnormal seedlings were more observed when the episperms
       were removing. (4) At the optimum WC of 6.1%ꎬ cryopreserved seeds germinated better than those non ̄cryopreserved
       (control)ꎬ indicating that cryopreservation may stimulate seed germination of P. massoniana. Collectivelyꎬ our results
       showed that water contentꎬ freezing and thawing methods as well as the episperm structure can significantly affect
       cryopreservation of P. massoniana seedsꎻ and the best method for cryopreservation of P. massoniana seeds is to directly
       freeze seeds with 6.1% WC using liquid nitrogen followed by a slow air ̄thawing at room temperatureꎬ by which the
       germination can reach above 90%. Results from this study may provide a rational for a long ̄term storage of P. massoni ̄
       ana seeds through cryopreservation.
       Key words: Pinus massoniana seedsꎬ cryopreservationꎬ desiccationꎬ water contentꎬ range of safe water contentꎬ
       germination percentage

       马尾松(Pinus massoniana) 为松科松属常绿高                存最主要的方式之一ꎮ
   大乔木ꎬ是我国分布最广的优质乡土针叶及南方                                 秦国峰等(2017a) 研究表明马尾松种子随着

   主要造林、绿化树种ꎬ广泛应用于用材、产脂、荒山                           保存期限的延长ꎬ其品质不断下降ꎬ常温开放保存
   造林及制浆造纸ꎬ在森林资源建设及生态发展中                             3 ~ 4 a 几乎全部丧失发芽力ꎬ在 2 ~ 4 ℃ 低温密闭
   发挥着极其重要的作用( 秦国峰和周志春ꎬ2012ꎻ                         保存可在 10 a 以上ꎮ 虽然低温密闭条件延长了马
   杨章旗ꎬ2012)ꎮ 广泛的地理分布和悠久的进化起                         尾松种子的保存期限ꎬ但相比其漫长的生命周期
   源赋予马尾松种质资源丰富的遗传多样性ꎬ由于                             和从发芽到产生可用于繁殖下一代种子的时间间
   自然环境恶化及人为破坏等因素ꎬ所以其天然林                             隔仍显短暂ꎬ从保障种质资源安全的角度来看ꎬ延

   在演替过程中逐渐被常绿阔叶林和人工林替代ꎬ                             长其保存期限具有重要意义ꎬ而超低温保存正是
   加上单一人工林在应对病虫害及恶劣环境等自然                             目前为止实现种质资源长期保存的最佳途径ꎮ
   灾害方面存在的局限性ꎬ其种质资源多样性正受                                 种子的超低温保存是指将种子投入到液态氮
   到严重威胁(石娟等ꎬ2005ꎻ邓伦秀和李茂ꎬ2009)ꎮ                      ( -196 ℃ )或气态氮( -150 ℃ ) 条件下进行保存ꎮ
   因此ꎬ开展对马尾松种质资源保存的研究就显得                             在此温度下ꎬ大多数植物的种子新陈代谢活动基
   尤为迫切和必要ꎮ 种子作为植物生命的载体ꎬ蕴                            本停止ꎬ劣变最大限度降低ꎬ理论上可以保存成百
   含着丰富的遗传信息ꎬ是遗传改良、品种创新和良                            上千年(Walters et al.ꎬ 2004ꎻBasuꎬ 2008)ꎬ是目前

   种生产的重要物质基础ꎮ 种子的离体保存能在有                            一种集简便、实用、占地少、低成本于一体的长期
   限的空间最大限度地保存材料的遗传多样性ꎬ且                             保存种质资源的方法(Wildeꎬ 2015)ꎮ 超低温保存
   不受病虫害及天气等影响ꎬ具有成本低、效率高、                            技术已成功应用于多种木本植物成熟种子或种胚
   交流、运输方便等优点ꎬ是目前马尾松种质资源保                            的保存ꎬ如樱桃( 宋常美等ꎬ2019)、樟树( 马健等ꎬ
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