Page 93 - 《广西植物》2020年第7期
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7 期                    宗亚仙等: 鹅掌楸 AOX 家族基因克隆与组织表达分析                                         9 8 9

       vated area. As a resultꎬ searching for resistant genes of L. chinensis and uncovering the mechanism of its stress ̄defence
       ability are great urgency. Three AOX genes were isolated from L. chinensis by RT ̄qPCR and RACEꎬ and then sequence
       analysis was carried out in silicoꎬ including analysis of open reading framesꎬ encoded amino acid sequencesꎬ protein do ̄
       mainsꎬ secondary structures and so on. The open reading frame length of AOX genes were 858ꎬ 1 032 and 1 044 bpꎬ
       which encoded 285ꎬ 343 and 347 amino acidsꎬ respectivelyꎬ and then we named the genes as LcAOX1aꎬ LcAOX1b and
       LcAOX2. Protein homology and phylogenesis analysis revealed that the AOX family protein sequences of L. chinense were
       highly conservedꎬ especially at the C ̄terminusꎬ and all the three AOX genes contained “EXXH”ꎬ “EEE ̄Y” iron ̄bind ̄
       ing conserved domainsꎬ those may have activities in combination with iron ions. Subcellular localization analysis showed
       that LcAOX1a protein was localized in other places outside the chloroplast and mitochondria. LcAOX1b protein was lo ̄
       calized in chloroplast and mitochondriaꎬ while LcAOX2 protein was localized in mitochondrial matrix. The expression
       patterns of AOX genes were examined by using eight tissuesꎬ including stemꎬ leafꎬ leaf budꎬ flower budꎬ calyxꎬ petalꎬ
       stamens and pistil. The result of RT ̄qPCR indicated that relative quantity (RQ) of LcAOX1aꎬ LcAOX1b and LcAOX2
       genes in floral organs was significantly greater than that in vegetative organs. The RQ value of LcAOX1a and LcAOX1b
       was the highest in the stamensꎬ especially the LcAOX1aꎬ the expression in the stamens was much higher than other tis ̄
       sues. The LcAOX2 gene has the highest RQ value in the petals. This study cloned three LcAOX genes and performed
       bioinformatics analysisꎬ subcellular localization analysis and expression patterns analysis to provide a reference for further
       study of their biological functions.
       Key words: Liriodendron chinensisꎬ alternative oxidaseꎬ molecular isolationꎬ bioinformatics analysisꎬ tissue expression


       高等植物线粒体有两条重要的电子传递途                            察到交替呼吸增强ꎬ且转 AOX 基因植物对胁迫适
   径:细胞色素途径和交替途径( 也称抗氰呼吸途                            应 能 力 有 显 著 提 高 ( Chinnusamy et al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ
   径)ꎮ 正常情况下植物以细胞色素途径为主:通过                           Doroteia et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻ Jian et al.ꎬ 2016ꎻ Keunen et
   一系列电子传递复合体ꎬ最终将电子传递给氧而                             al.ꎬ2016)ꎮ
   形成水ꎬ产生的化学能同 F F  ̄ATPase 偶联形成                          木兰 科 ( Magnoliaceae) 鹅 掌 楸 ( Liriodendron
                             0  1
   ATPꎬ但该过程中电子传递途径上有三个磷酸化部                           chinensis)为第三纪孑遗树种ꎬ是被子植物中最原
   位ꎬ对氰化物敏感ꎮ 在植物受到逆境胁迫时细胞                            始的类群之一ꎮ 鹅掌楸又名马褂木ꎬ为中国特有
   色素途径被抑制而交替途径增强:交替途径是一                             树种ꎬ天然更新能力差ꎬ种子繁殖适合度低ꎬ自然

   条从泛醌库开始分支并以交替氧化酶( alternative                     群落中种群数量小ꎬ种群内个体数目少ꎬ且星状分
   oxidaseꎬAOX) 为末端氧化酶的电子传递途径ꎬ电                      布于我国西南、中东及越南北部ꎬ群体间基因交流
   子从还原状态的泛醌直接传递给分子氧形成水ꎬ                             受到严重影响ꎬ处于濒危状态ꎬ现已被列入国家二
   能量以 热 能 形 式 散 失 ( Vanlerberghe & Mcintoshꎬ        级珍 稀 濒 危 保 护 植 物 名 录 ( 郝 日 明 和 贺 善 安ꎬ
   1997)ꎮ 现有的研究结果表明ꎬ植物在逆境胁迫影                         1995)ꎮ 鹅掌楸作为从裸子植物向被子植物过渡
   响下ꎬAOX 基因表达量显著提高ꎬ细胞内 AOX 蛋                        的树种ꎬ对研究有花植物的起源、分布和系统发育
   白丰度显著提高来应对不良环境对细胞造成的损                             有重要价值(李康琴ꎬ2013)ꎬ且作为优良的园林观
   伤ꎮ Bonner & Rich(1986)首次从天南星科斑叶阿                  赏及高档家具用材树种ꎬ有着非常重要的经济价

   诺母( Arum maculatum) 线粒体中分离得到 AOXꎬ                 值ꎮ 拥有广泛的适应性是一个树种推广利用的前
   并确定该 蛋 白 与 其 开 花 产 热 有 关ꎮ Zalutskaya et           提ꎬ因此ꎬ从林木遗传改良角度ꎬ挖掘和研究抗性
   al.(2015)在对衣藻( Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) 热       相关基因、提高鹅掌楸适应性对于鹅掌楸抗性育
   处理后交替呼吸显著增强ꎬAOX1 基因表达量上                           种具有重要意义ꎮ 因此ꎬ本文以鹅掌楸为研究对
   调ꎮ 此外ꎬ在对拟南芥冷处理、干旱胁迫处理ꎬ以                           象ꎬ利用 RACE 技术筛选并克隆鹅掌楸 AOX 家族
   及对蒺藜苜蓿盐胁迫处理等逆境条件处理下均观                             基因ꎬ进行生物信息学分析ꎬ组织表达特性分析ꎬ
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