Page 19 - 《广西植物》2023年第2期
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2 期                  尹雁玲等: 植物内生菌增强植物对生物胁迫抗性的研究进展                                            2 1 3

                 Abstract: Plant growth and development can be threatened by a variety of adversitiesꎬ which cause problems such as
                 loss of nutrients and significant decrease of yied. Using traditional agrochemicals to regulate the plant resistence to
                 stresses can result in the resistance in insect pests and diseases not only in traditional plant varieties but also in
                 transgenic plants. These agrochemicals cannot be degraded by biological meansꎬ and cause environmental pollution.
                 Alsoꎬ prevalence of these chemicals can even cause severe health issues to the farmersꎬ livestockꎬ and consumers.
                 Thereforeꎬ application of naturally available microbes is a safe and alternative complementary way to tackle the pests and
                 phytopathogens. Endophytes living in almost every plant are natural components of plant microecosystems and may have
                 more positive and direct effects on plants because of their special ecological niches. Howeverꎬ the mechanism of
                 endophytic bacteria in improving host biostress resistance is still poorly understood. In this reviewꎬ we describe the
                 originꎬ diversity and resistance to biotic stress of endophytes. Firstlyꎬ we provide an overview of the transmission routes
                 that endophyte can take to colonize plantsꎬ including vertically via seeds and pollenꎬ and horizontally via soilꎬ
                 atmosphereꎬ and insectsꎻ secondlyꎬ summarize and analyze the diversity of endophyte species and distribution diversity
                 in plantsꎻ finallyꎬ the basic characteristics and action mechanisms of endophytes in enhancing the tolerance of plants to
                 biotic stress (anti ̄pathogenic bacteria and insect resistence) are described in detail. Endophytes use niche competition
                 or nutrient competition to promote plant induced resistance to inhibit pathogen infectionꎬ or use synthetic antibioticsꎬ
                 alkaloidsꎬ chitin and other secondary metabolites to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria or nematodesꎬ so as to
                 prevent and control insect pests and diseases. In additionꎬ based on the research status of endophyte enhancing plant
                 biotic stress resistanceꎬ the future development direction is prospectedꎬ and this article provides reference for the
                 development and utilization of more environmentally friendly biological control agents.
                 Key words: endophytesꎬ colonizationꎬ phytohormonesꎬ secondary metabolitesꎬ plant ̄microbe interactionsꎬ biocontrol



                植物内生菌(endophyte) 是指在生活于正常状                     报道( Porras ̄Alfaro & Baymanꎬ 2011ꎻ Wani et al.ꎬ

            态的植物器官和组织内的细菌、真菌和放线菌等ꎬ                             2015ꎻ Jia et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 本文就植物内生菌的来
            不会引起明显的宿主植物外在感染症状ꎬ是植物微                             源、多样性和对生物胁迫抗性进行全面综述ꎬ并对

            生态系统中的天然组分( Wilsonꎬ 1995ꎻJia et al.ꎬ               植物内生菌的开发与利用进行了展望ꎬ以期为植物
            2016)ꎮ 目前ꎬ从多种植物中均已分离得到内生菌ꎬ                         内生菌产品开发、农作物抗逆性状改良等提供参考ꎮ
            在与宿主协同进化过程中既满足了自身生存条件
            的需要ꎬ又增强了宿主对外界环境的适应性ꎬ二者                             1  植物内生菌的来源

            相辅相成( Rodriguez & Redmanꎬ 2008ꎻPhilippot et
            al.ꎬ 2013ꎻMendes et al.ꎬ 2013)ꎮ 内生菌与宿主植物               大多数的内生菌是水平传播的ꎬ与宿主相关
            的协同进化塑造了内生菌特有的基因特征和代谢                              的有益菌可以通过环境水平定植到宿主体内ꎮ 例
            产物ꎬ既能通过分泌激素和次级代谢产物直接或间                             如ꎬ在土壤中微生物可以进入植物的根部并定植ꎬ
            接地促进植物生长(Ahemad & Kibretꎬ 2014)ꎬ又能                 或者空气中的微生物通过植物体表进入并定植ꎬ
            产生抗生素、水解酶类和生物碱等次级代谢产物协                             从而感染植物( Saikkonen et al.ꎬ 1998ꎻCompant et
            助应对 宿 主 由 病 原 菌、 虫 害 等 引 起 的 生 物 胁 迫               al.ꎬ 2005ꎻBaldotto et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 通过喷叶接种应

            (Waller et al.ꎬ 2005ꎻHayat et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻRho et al.ꎬ  用于玉米和小麦时ꎬFukami 等(2016) 认为巴西固
            2018ꎻCarrión et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎬ在宿主植物的生长发育              氮螺菌( Azospirillum brasilense) 是通过气孔进入植
            和抵抗不良环境过程中起着重要作用ꎮ                                  物并能够在叶和茎的内部定植ꎮ 当内生菌在植株
                 近年来ꎬ由病原菌导致的植物病害日益严重ꎬ                          内定植ꎬ形成共生关系ꎬ为确保有益共生体从一代
            亟待寻找新的抗逆药物、生物菌肥等应对生物问                              传到下 一 代ꎬ 就 会 形 成 垂 直 传 播 ( Herre et al.ꎬ
            题ꎬ而大多数此类药物的研发都是从微生物互作关                             1999)ꎮ 垂直传播发生在被内生菌感染的种子或
            系中发现的ꎮ 关于内生菌的特性、产生的天然产物                            花粉内ꎬ萌发后的植株带有同种内生菌ꎮ 同种植
            以及与植物之间的相互作用关系等方面ꎬ已有文献                             物之间ꎬ如酢浆草( Oxalis corniculata) 中的芽孢杆
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