Page 154 - 《广西植物》2023年第12期
P. 154

2 3 2 0                                广  西  植  物                                         43 卷
                             1                 3ꎬ4                    1                 2             1
                 CAO Sheng ꎬ MA Chongjian ꎬ SHANG Xiaohong ꎬ WU Fangfang ꎬ SHI Pingli ꎬ
                                          1              2                 1                 1
                          CHEN Huixian ꎬ TAN Zhien ꎬ YAN Huabing ꎬ WU Zhengdan ꎬ
                                                   1∗            3ꎬ4             3ꎬ4
                                      WANG Ying ꎬ HAN Wei ꎬ YU Baiyin
              ( 1. Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciencesꎬ Nanning 530007ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Medicinal Botanical Gardenꎬ
                  Nanning 530010ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Henry Fok School of Biology and Agricultureꎬ Shaoguan Universityꎬ Shaoguan 512005ꎬ Guangdongꎬ
                           Chinaꎻ 4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal
                                     Resources in Northern Regionꎬ Shaoguan 512005ꎬ Guangdongꎬ China )

                 Abstract: In order to determine the optimal harvesting period and the application value of each part of Pueraria lobata
                 var. thomsonii and to explore the correlation between the main nutrients and the isoflavonesꎬ P. lobata var. thomsonii of
                 Tengxianꎬ Guangxi was used as the materialꎬ the contents of isoflavones in different partsꎬ the contents of main nutrients
                 and isoflavones in different growth periods were determined by test box methodꎬ enzyme gravimetric methodꎬ Soxhlet
                 extraction methodꎬ high performance liquid chromatography and other physiological and biochemical techniquesꎬ and the
                 relationship between the accumulation of various nutrients and isoflavones was analyzed to clarify the accumulation rule of
                 main nutrients and isoflavonoids and their relationships in P. lobata var. thomsonii. The results were as follows: (1)At
                 the mature stageꎬ the content of genistein in different parts of P. lobata var. thomsonii was not significantly differentꎬ but
                 the content of isoflavoues aglycone in leaf was significantly lower than that in middle vineꎬ and the contents of total
                 isoflavonesꎬ puerarin and daidzein in root apex and vine were significantly higher than those in leaf and tuberonꎬ and the
                 contents of puerarin in root apex and vine were more than 1.00%. (2)The accumulation of starchꎬ polysaccharideꎬ crude
                 proteinꎬ and soluble protein reached the maximum in November and Decemberꎬ the accumulation of insoluble dietary
                 fiber reached the minimum in Decemberꎬ the accumulation of soluble dietary fiber was the maximum in August and
                 Decemberꎬ and the accumulation of total isoflavones and puerarin reached the maximum in August and September. (3)
                 The correlation analysis results showed that the accumulation of total isoflavones and puerarin was negatively correlated
                 with the accumulation of starch and polysaccharideꎻ the accumulation of total isoflavones and puerarin was positively
                 correlated with the accumulation of insoluble dietary fiber. Thereforeꎬ it can be concluded that the root apex and vine of
                 pueraria powder contain rich total isoflavonesꎬ puerarinꎬ daidzeinꎬ which has good value for medicinal developmentꎻ the
                 best harvest time for medicinal using are August and Septemberꎬ and the best harvest time for edible using are November
                 and Decemberꎻ the accumulation of total isoflavones and puerarin is related to starchꎬ polysaccharide and insoluble
                 dietary fiber. This study clarify the accumulation rule and correlation of the main nutrients and total isoflavones in
                 P. lobata var. thomsoniiꎬ and provides a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of P. lobata
                 var. thomsonii and the determination of the harvest time.
                 Key words: Pueraria lobata var. thomsoniiꎬ nutrientsꎬ isoflavone componentsꎬ accumulation ruleꎬ correlation

                粉葛为豆科葛属植物ꎬ素有“亚洲人参” “ 南葛                        和止泻等作用ꎬ«中国药典第一部»(国家药典委员
            北参”之美誉(杨旭东等ꎬ2014)ꎬ2014 年被我国国                       会ꎬ2015)规定ꎬ葛根素含量达到 0.3%以上的粉葛
            家卫生健康委员会认定为药食两用植物ꎮ 广西是                             块根可用于药用ꎮ 可见ꎬ粉葛具有很高的食用和
            粉葛的传统种植区域ꎬ种植历史可追溯至清代ꎬ每                             药用价值ꎮ 粉葛开发利用的部位主要是块根ꎬ葛
            年的种植面积均达 2 667 hm ꎮ 粉葛块根富含淀                        根的叶、藤、根头等部位大多直接丢弃ꎬ少量用作
                                       2
            粉、脂肪、氨基酸、纤维素、铁、钙、铜、硒等人体所                           饲料ꎬ其综合利用率较低ꎮ 此外ꎬ采收时间是影响
            需的营养及矿质元素(李臻等ꎬ2011)ꎬ常被加工成                          中药材质量的关键因子( 胡少 伟 等ꎬ2018ꎻ 严 华
            葛粉、葛面、葛酒、葛根饮品、葛根饼干等系列产品                            等ꎬ2019ꎻ 周赛男ꎬ2019)ꎬ确定药食两用植物粉葛
            (尚小红等ꎬ2021)ꎬ食品开发前景广阔ꎮ 粉葛块根                         的适宜采收时期ꎬ对其开发利用至关重要ꎮ 因此ꎬ
            还含有葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素等异                             掌握不同部位和不同时期粉葛的主要营养物质及
            黄酮物质ꎬ具有清热、解毒、解肌、生津、透疹、升阳                           异黄酮成分的积累规律ꎬ对粉葛的综合开发利用
   149   150   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   159