Page 142 - 《广西植物》2025年第10期
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                 electronic noseꎬ infrared spectroscopy analysis technologyꎬ and gas chromatography ̄mass spectrometry ( GC ̄MS)
                 techniquesꎬ combined with the determination of optical rotationꎬ relative densityꎬ and refractive index. The volatile
                 componentsꎬ aroma characteristicsꎬ and physical properties of SAO extracted using steam distillation ( SD ̄SAO)ꎬ
                 supercritical CO fluid extraction ( SFE ̄SAO )ꎬ and microwave ̄assisted ethanol extraction ( MAEE ̄SAO ) were
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                 analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) There were no significant differences in rotationꎬ relative densityꎬ and
                 refractive index between SD ̄SAO and SFE ̄SAOꎬ while the refractive index of MAEE ̄SAO (1.394) was significantly
                 lower than that of the other two samples (1.557 for SD ̄SAO and 1.555 for SFE ̄SAO). (2)The electronic nose radar
                 fingerprint analysis indicated that the aroma profiles of SD ̄SAO and SFE ̄SAO were similarꎬ with insignificant
                 differences in aroma characteristicsꎬ whereasꎬ the aroma radar profile of MAEE ̄SAO differed significantly from those of
                 SD ̄SAO and SFE ̄SAO. (3)GC ̄MS analysis of volatile components showed that the composition and content of aroma
                 components in SAO varied significantly with different extraction methods. The number and relative content of identified
                 volatile components also differed. Although trans ̄anethole was the major component in all three types of SAOꎬ its relative
                 amount varied significantlyꎬ with values of 94. 38% in SD ̄SAOꎬ 85. 40% in MAEE ̄SAOꎬ and 82. 67% in SFE ̄
                 SAO. Additionallyꎬ principal component analysis (PCA) enabled successful discrimination of the three SAO samples
                 prepared with different extraction methodsꎬ further confirming that different extraction processes significantly impact the
                 aroma characteristics of SAO. A comprehensive comparison revealed that SAO extracted by steam distillation and
                 supercritical CO extraction exhibited better aroma characteristicsꎬ while SAO extracted by microwave ̄assisted ethanol
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                 extraction had a more complex volatile component profile and required further refinement. The results of this study
                 provide a technical reference for the analysis of aroma characteristics of SAOꎬ and a solid theoretical basis for the
                 processing and quality control of SAO products.
                 Key words: star anise oil ( SAO)ꎬ electronic nose ( E ̄nose)ꎬ infrared spectroscopy ( IR)ꎬ aroma characteristicsꎬ
                 extraction methodꎬ volatile compounds



                八 角 茴 香ꎬ 系 木 兰 科 ( Magnoliaceae) 八 角 属         油常作为芳香健胃剂的核心组分ꎬ在食品调味中
            (Illicium)植物八角( Illicium verum) 的成熟聚合蓇             也发挥着重要作用ꎬ特别在中国、印度等国家常用
            葖果ꎬ素有“大茴香” “ 大料” “ 五香八角” 等别称ꎬ                      于调味ꎬ有很好的去腥作用ꎮ 同时ꎬ八角茴香油展
            主要生长于我国华南亚热带季风气候区ꎬ尤以广                              现出显著的抗真菌活性ꎬ尤其对皮肤癣菌具有强
            东、广西为道地产区ꎮ 八角茴香性温、味辛ꎬ其药                            效抑制作用ꎬ在临床应用中ꎬ该成分被用于针对性
            用价值源于干燥成熟的果实入药ꎬ既可通过温中                              治疗由常见致病性念珠菌引发的感染( 郑童妖和
            理气之效调和脾胃功能ꎬ缓解脘腹胀满之症ꎬ又具                             张虹ꎬ2008)ꎮ 近年来ꎬ随着全球对天然、营养、健
            健胃止呕之功ꎬ对胃寒呕吐、呃逆等症疗效显著ꎮ                             康饮食理念的重视ꎬ八角茴香油在欧洲的需求也
            此外ꎬ它还具有温阳散寒、祛风除湿、祛痰止咳、镇                            逐渐增加( Bampidis et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎬ其发展前景广
            痛解痉之功效ꎮ 在我国它是首批纳入“药食同源”                            阔ꎬ并展现出显著的应用研究价值ꎮ
            目录的特色经济作物ꎬ被广泛应用于中医药和食                                  风味特征是评价植物精油类产品品质的重要
            品加工领域( 李琳和戴铭ꎬ2023)ꎮ 八角茴香油是                         因子ꎬ而提取方法作为影响精油风味特征的关键
            从八角茴香的枝叶或果实中萃取获得的天然香料                              因素ꎬ一直是精油研究领域的热点( Thinh et al.ꎬ
            油(郭向阳ꎬ2013)ꎬ其成分构成较为复杂ꎬ具有独                          2022)ꎮ 目前ꎬ水蒸气蒸馏( Cai et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻ 于彩
            特的香气和多种生物活性ꎬ如抑菌、抗病毒、升高                             云等ꎬ 2018)、 超 临 界 流 体 萃 取 ( 杨 靖 等ꎬ 2010ꎻ
            白细胞、镇痛、杀虫及抗自由基氧化等( Ângelo et                       Wang et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎬ以及有机溶剂萃取法(逯家辉
            al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Liu et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ Li et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ 八角  等ꎬ2008)是主要的提取方法ꎬ每种方法均对八角
            茴香油兼具温中散寒和调和脾胃的双重功效ꎬ可                              茴香油的风味特征和化学组成产生独特影响ꎮ 水
            有效抑制胃肠道的过激蠕动ꎬ刺激胃腺分泌消化                              蒸气蒸馏( steam distillationꎬSD) 适用于从混合物
            液从而促进功能消化ꎮ 在临床应用中ꎬ八角茴香                             中分离出与水不相溶的挥发性成分ꎬ其操作流程
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