Page 35 - 《广西植物》2025年第10期
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10 期 但金龙等: 湄公锥的化学成分及其 α ̄葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究 1 7 6 5
Abstract: Castanopsis mekongensis is mainly distributed in southern and southwestern Yunnanꎬ Chinaꎬ growing in
mountainous areas below an altitude of about 2 000 m. This plant is also widely distributed in Laos. According to folk
recordsꎬ C. mekongensis has medicinal effects of clearing heat and detoxifyingꎬ nourishing the stomach and strengthening
the spleen. In order to explore the chemical constituents of C. mekongensis leaves and their α ̄glucosidase inhibitory
activityꎬ various modern chromatographic separation techniques were used to separate and purify 70% methanol extract
from leaves of C. mekongensis. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive analysis methodsꎬ
including mass spectrometry (MS)ꎬ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)ꎬ and literature comparison. At the
same timeꎬ the compounds were screened by testing for α ̄glucosidase inhibitory activity using the pNPG method. The
results were as follows: (1) Seventeen compounds were isolated from the leaves of C. mekongensisꎬ which were identified
as mekongensis A (1)ꎬ gallic acid (2)ꎬ 3ꎬ4 ̄dihydroxybenzoic acid (3)ꎬ syringate (4)ꎬ protocatechuic acid methyl
ester (5)ꎬ methyl gallate (6)ꎬ ellagic acid (7)ꎬ gentisic acid 5 ̄O ̄β ̄D ̄xyloside (8)ꎬ 3 ̄O ̄gallic acid (9)ꎬ 2ꎬ3 ̄O ̄
(S) ̄hexahydroxydiphenyl ̄β ̄D ̄glucopyranose ( 10)ꎬ casuariin ( 11)ꎬ 5 ̄degalloylstarchyurin ( 12)ꎬ rutin ( 13)ꎬ
kaempferol 3 ̄O ̄rutoside ( 14 )ꎬ quercetin ̄3 ̄O ̄( 6″ ̄O ̄galloyl ) ̄β ̄D ̄glucopyranoside ( 15 )ꎬ quercetin ̄3 ̄O ̄( 6″ ̄O ̄
galloyl) ̄β ̄D ̄galactopyranoside ( 16 )ꎬ and quercetin ̄3 ̄O ̄β ̄D ̄glucopyranoside ( 3′ → O ̄3″) quercetin ̄3 ̄O ̄β ̄D ̄
galactopyranoside (17). Compound 1 is a new compoundꎬ and all compounds were isolated for the first time from
C. mekongensis. (2) Pharmacological experimental results showed that compounds 3ꎬ 9 - 12ꎬ 14ꎬ 17 had strong α ̄
 ̄1  ̄1
glucosidase inhibitory activityꎬ with IC values of (0.36±0.053) mmolL ꎬ (0.03±0.398) mmolL ꎬ (0.24±0.035)
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 ̄1  ̄1  ̄1  ̄1
mmolL ꎬ (0.41±0.283) mmolL ꎬ (0.18±0.154) mmolL ꎬ (0.15±0.296) mmolL and (0.22±0.095)
mmolL [acarbose as the positive controlꎬ with IC value of (0.91±0.226) mmolL ]. Compounds 3ꎬ 9-12ꎬ 14ꎬ 17
 ̄1
 ̄1
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are considered potential candidates for developing new antidiabetic drugs based on their performance in biological activity
assays. The research results have enriched the chemical constituents of C. mekongensisꎬ further clarified its hypoglycemic
active ingredientsꎬ and provided a theoretical foundation for further development of hypoglycemic related products.
Key words: Castanopsis mekongensisꎬ chemical constituentsꎬ α ̄glucosidaseꎬ mekongensis Aꎬ gallic acid
湄公锥为壳斗科锥属植物ꎬ乔木ꎬ高达 25 mꎬ Toyopearl Butyl ̄650C) 进行分离纯化ꎬ分离得到的
胸径 1 mꎬ枝灰褐色ꎬ一年生枝、叶柄、叶背及花序 化合物通过多种现代波谱技术进行结构表征ꎬ结
轴均密被短绒毛ꎬ二年生枝的毛较少ꎬ也叫马格 合比对文献进行鉴定ꎬ采用 pNPG 法对 13 个化合
龙、湄公栲、澜沧栲ꎬ分布广泛ꎬ产自云南南部及西 物进行 α ̄葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性测试ꎬ以期揭示湄
南部ꎬ生于海拔约 2 000 m 以下山地ꎬ老挝也有分 公锥的物质基础及具降糖活性的天然化合物ꎬ为
布(中国植物志ꎬ1998)ꎮ 民间记载ꎬ湄公锥具有清 后续湄公锥的合理开发与可持续利用奠定基础ꎮ
热解毒、养胃健脾的药用功效ꎮ 现有研究表明ꎬ锥
属植物中含有大量的植物多酚ꎬ如黄酮类、酚酸 1 材料与方法
类、花青素类等( 庞闹等ꎬ2018ꎻ王亚凤等ꎬ2019)ꎬ
而植物多酚具有抗氧化( 程明艳ꎬ2023)、抗菌( 胡 1.1 材料
勇梅ꎬ2023)、抗肿瘤(郭爱伟等ꎬ2019)等多种生物 样品于 2022 年 4 月采集于云南省景洪市嘎洒
活性ꎮ 近年来ꎬ越来越多的研究表明ꎬ植物中的多 镇ꎬ经昆明采智生物技术有限公司鉴定为湄公锥
酚成分可调节碳水化合物和脂质代谢ꎬ减轻高血 (Castanopsis mekongensis)的叶ꎬ样品标本( 标本号:
糖、血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗ꎬ可有效治疗糖尿病 20220406)保存于广西植物功能物质与资源持续
(黄修晴等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 目前经文献检索ꎬ国内外均未 利用重点实验室ꎮ
见关于湄公锥的化学成分及其降血糖研究的相关 1.2 仪器和试剂
报道ꎮ 本研究以湄公锥叶 70%甲醇提取物为研究 SP ̄MAX3500FL 多功能酶标仪( 上海闪谱 生
对象ꎬ采用多种现代分离材料( Sephadex LH ̄20、 物科技 有 限 公 司)ꎻ LCMS ̄IT ̄TOF 高 分 辨 质 谱 仪
MCI gel CHP 20P、Diaion HP20SS、Chromatorex C 、 (日本岛津公司)ꎻLC ̄2030C 高效液相色谱仪[ 岛
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