Page 70 - 《广西植物》2025年第10期
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                 systematic studies on bioactive substances across its different tissues remain limited. To comprehensively clarify the
                 metabolic differences and distribution regularities of bioactive substances among various tissues of D. officinaleꎬ this
                 study to investigate the composition and distribution characteristics of key bioactive substancesꎬ including flavonoidsꎬ
                 polysaccharidesꎬ and amino acidsꎬ in its rootsꎬ stemsꎬ and leaves based on metabolomics technology. The results were as
                 follows: (1) A total of 460 flavonoid compounds were identifiedꎬ with flavones (35.21%) and flavonols (32.61%) as
                 the predominant componentsꎻ 26 polysaccharide metabolites (primarily monosaccharides and disaccharides)ꎻ 72 amino
                 acid metabolitesꎬ and 19 organic acids and their derivatives were detected. (2) While the metabolite compositions in
                 rootsꎬ stemsꎬ and leaves were similarꎬ their contents exhibited significant variations. For instanceꎬ 2 ̄acetamido ̄2 ̄deoxy ̄
                 D ̄glucopyranoseꎬ cellobioseꎬ and D ̄galactose reached their highest concentrations in leavesꎬ rootsꎬ and stemsꎬ
                 respectively. (3) Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant diversity in flavonoidꎬ amino acidꎬ and
                 polysaccharide metabolites among tissues. The orthogonal partial least squares ̄discriminant analysis (OPLS ̄DA) model
                                                                           2         2
                 further confirmed the distinct separation of metabolic profiles across tissues (R Y > 0.5ꎬ Q > 0.5)ꎬ indicating robust
                 model reliability. (4) Hierarchical cluster analysis highlighted elevated accumulation of flavonoids and amino acids in
                 roots and leavesꎬ whereas polysaccharide metabolites displayed tissue ̄specific distribution. Notablyꎬ glucose and D ̄
                 mannose contents in stems were significantly higher than in other tissues. This study systematically delineates the
                 differential metabolite characteristics in distinct tissues of D. officinale for the first timeꎬ providing scientific references
                 for understanding the synthesis mechanisms of its bioactive compounds and optimizing medicinal part selection.
                 Furthermoreꎬ it establishes a critical data framework for advancing the application of D. officinale in medicine and
                 healthcare.
                 Key  words:  Dendrobium  officinaleꎬ  flavonoidꎬ  polysaccharideꎬ  amino  acidꎬ  metabolomicsꎬ  multivariate
                 statistical analysis



                铁皮石斛( Dendrobium officinale)ꎬ属于兰科植             要作用ꎮ 曹雪原等(2018) 研究表明ꎬ铁皮石斛茎
            物ꎬ是一种具有显著药用价值的草本植物ꎬ长期以                             部的多糖含量显著高于该植物的其他部位ꎬ其含
            来受到学术界和医药行业的密切关注( 国家药典                             量可超过 30%ꎬ这一数值远超药典所规定的标准ꎮ
            委员会ꎬ2020)ꎮ 近年来ꎬ随着对铁皮石斛天然活                          刘羽佳等(2024)研究表明ꎬ铁皮石斛中的多糖合
            性成分研究的不断深入ꎬ研究者们发现其药效与                              成基因可能在植物应对逆境的过程中扮演了重要
            类黄酮、多糖及氨基酸等多种物质成分和含量之                              角色ꎮ 铁皮石斛中的多糖由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳

            间存在密切的关联(陈燕兰等ꎬ2020)ꎮ                               糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和鼠李糖组成ꎬ这些成分与肝
                 类黄酮化合物是广泛存在于植物中的一类次                           脏保护功能及抗氧化和抗炎作用紧密相关ꎬ这一
            生代谢产物ꎬ根据其氧化程度和结构的不同ꎬ类黄                             点在 Holt 和 Cynthia(2006) 的研究中得到了证实ꎮ
            酮化合物在植物中可细分为黄酮类、查尔酮类和                              氨基酸对于人体的生长发育具有极其重要的作
            花青素类等ꎮ 铁皮石斛中含有丰富的类黄酮化合                             用ꎬ人体无法自行合成 8 种必需氨基酸ꎬ需通过食
            物( Yuan et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻWang et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻ刘黎卿         物摄取ꎮ 这些氨基酸大部分来源于植物性食物ꎮ
            等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 类黄酮化合物在植物的生长发育、开                          若摄入不足ꎬ氨基酸代谢将出现紊乱ꎬ可能引发超
            花结果及抗菌防病等过程中发挥着关键作用( 骆                             过 400 种疾病(罗轶玮等ꎬ2021ꎻ郑小棵和刘晓东ꎬ
            江利等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 此外ꎬ它对人体也具有多种益处ꎬ                         2021)ꎮ 铁皮石斛作为我国宝贵的中草药资源之
            如防治心脑血管疾病、延缓衰老、镇痛、抵御氧化                             一ꎬ其茎部的药用价值尤为突出ꎬ并在中医治疗中
            应激损伤、调控炎症因子的释放与活性、干扰肿瘤                             得到广泛应用ꎮ 李青等(2017) 研究指出ꎬ铁皮石
            细胞增殖及抑制病毒等( 董玲等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 糖类代                         斛不同组织部位的氨基酸组成及含量存在差异ꎬ
            谢产物在植物干物质中的含量高达 85%至 90%ꎬ                          茎和叶均含有 17 种氨基酸ꎬ花中含有 15 种ꎬ在
            它们在构建植物细胞结构、维持细胞群体的稳定                              茎、叶和花中ꎬ氨基酸总量的占比分别为4.10%、
            性及抵御外部病原体侵袭等生命过程中发挥着重                              0.80%和 0.87%ꎮ 尽管铁皮石斛茎部的黄酮类化
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