Page 148 - 《广西植物》2025年第4期
P. 148
7 6 2 广 西 植 物 45 卷
Abstract: This study used 16 species of Prunus plants as research materials and conducted cluster analysis using EST ̄
SSR molecular marker technologyꎬ aiming to provide molecular level basis and technical support for species
classificationꎬ species resource conservationꎬ rootstock selectionꎬ and hybrid parent selection of P. campanulata and its
related species. The results were as follows: (1) The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that a total of 98 alleles
were detected from 17 pairs of EST ̄SSR primersꎬ with an average of 5.76 alleles per primer pair. The number of effective
alleles (N ) range was 1.16-7.64ꎬ with an average of 3.22ꎻ the observed heterozygosity (H ) range was 0.04-0.54ꎬ
e o
with an average value of 0.28ꎻ the expected heterozygosity (H ) range was 0.58-0.92ꎬ with an average value of 0.77ꎻ
e
the Shannons index (I) range was 1.38-2.65ꎬ with an average value of 2.14ꎻ the polymorphism information content
(PIC) range was 0.62-0.92ꎬ with an average value of 0.78. (2) The clustering analysis results indicated thatꎬ except
for P. subhirtella var. ascendens and P. maximowicziiꎬ the other 14 species were closely related and were clustered into a
large group (C ranging from 0.653 1 to 0.918 4). Among themꎬ the highest genetic relationship was found between
GS
P. campanulata and P. cerasoides ( C = 0. 918 4)ꎬ while the lowest was found between P. campanulata and P.
GS
subhirtella var. ascendens (C = 0.775 5). Thereforeꎬ it is recommended to use P. subhirtella var. ascendens and P.
GS
maximowiczii which had distant genetic relationships to conduct hybridization experiments with P. campanulata. (3) In
the production practice of southern Chinaꎬ grafting had emerged using P. conradinae as rootstock and P. campanulata as
scion grafting. Thereforeꎬ in theoryꎬ species closely related to P. campanulataꎬ such as P. conradinaeꎬ P. serrulataꎬ
P. discoideaꎬ P. patentipila and P. schneideriana etc.ꎬ could also serve as rootstocks. Neverthelessꎬ the resistanceꎬ
growthꎬ reproductionꎬ and lifespan of the rootstock should also be considered. Through grafting experimentsꎬ it was found
that P. cerasoides and P. serrulata had the highest survival rates (≥80%) when grafted onto P. campanulataꎬ which
were consistent with molecular experiments and were more suitable as rootstocks for grafting P. campanulata. The
research results provide a molecular basis for breedingꎬ reproductionꎬ protection and utilization of P. campanulataꎬ and
the classification of species between Prunus.
Key words: Prunusꎬ Prunus campanulataꎬ genetic diversityꎬ genetic relationshipꎬ breedingꎬ EST ̄SSR
据 Flora of China 记 载 全 世 界 约 有 樱 花 150 近缘物种优良特性将极有可能培育出花色丰富、
种ꎬ中国约有 50 种或变种ꎬ远超日本等国家或地 花期较长、花更茂密、适应性强、抗逆性更强的钟
区ꎬ但我国从古至今对观赏类樱花的选育重视不 花樱新品种、新类型ꎬ这对丰富国内樱属植物资源
够ꎬ远落后于日本( Li & Bruceꎬ 2003)ꎮ 目前ꎬ我 和促进国内樱属植物种质资源的开发利用都具有
国对樱花的育种和繁殖研究尚处于起步阶段ꎬ很 十分重要的意义ꎮ
多野生樱花资源还未得到充分的开发和利用ꎬ国 近年来ꎬ随着国内“樱花热” 的兴起ꎬ钟花樱已
内观赏类樱花大多从日本等国外引种而来ꎬ由于 引起了科研工作者、园林公司等的广泛关注ꎬ并在
气候等因素的影响ꎬ国内引进的品种樱花存在病 繁殖技术及分子研究等方面开展了一定研究ꎮ 黄
虫害发生严重、适应性不强、寿命短等问题ꎬ因此 云鹏等(2022)对钟花樱无性系生长性状的遗传变
亟须选育出抗性和适应性较强的自主樱花种质ꎮ 异进行了分析ꎬ发现无性系间的树高、胸径、冠幅
钟花樱( Prunus campanulata) 又名福建山樱花ꎬ自 均存在极显著性差异ꎬ表明钟花樱无性系生长性
然分布于我国浙江、福建、台湾、广东、江西和广西 状选择具有可行性ꎻ陆日惠等(2022) 对钟花樱的
等地ꎬ具有花期早、花色艳丽等特点ꎬ尤其红色花 幼苗生长和光合特性进行了研究ꎬ发现钟花樱的
瓣深受中国人的喜爱ꎬ因此逐渐应用于园林观赏 幼苗生长和光合作用因淹水而受到强烈抑制ꎬ钟
及住宅小区的绿化、美化等ꎬ有很大的开发潜力ꎮ 花樱耐涝性较弱ꎻ黄碧金等(2023) 对钟花樱种子
然而ꎬ由于多数钟花樱适应性较差ꎬ往往野生状态 发芽条件进行了研究ꎬ发现种子冷藏时间不宜超
的生长和观赏效果要优于庭院绿地ꎮ 此外ꎬ钟花 过 2 年ꎬ水温 25 ℃ 、浸种 24 h、pH 值为中性时播
樱还存在花稀疏、花色单一等缺陷ꎮ 因此ꎬ系统地 种发芽效果最好ꎻShahi ̄Gharahlar 等( 2011) 利用
开展钟花樱的抗性研究(包含砧木筛选) 及优良品 ISSR 分子标记对 39 份樱桃亚属植物的遗传多样
种选育尤为重要ꎬ如在进行品种选育时融入其他 性进行评估ꎬ发现 ISSR 分子标记能够将改良品种

