Page 74 - 《广西植物》2025年第8期
P. 74
1 4 4 0 广 西 植 物 45 卷
Abstract: To explore the community niche characteristicsꎬ interspecific relationships and community stability of
secondary tropical rainforest in the main stream of the Nandu Riverꎬ and to reveal its community structureꎬ succession
status and trendꎬ 21 main species in the tree and shrub layer of the community were studied. Niche widthꎬ niche
χ 2
similarity and niche overlap were used to analyze niche characteristics. Spearman coefficientꎬ chi ̄square ( ) statisticꎬ
association coefficient and matching coefficient were used to analyze the interspecific association relationship of the
community. The stability of the community was determined by the improved M. Godron stability measurement
method. The results were as follows: (1) Heptapleurum heptaphyllum had the highest importance valueꎬ and Aporosa
dioica had the largest niche width. The total niche similarity and overlap among these main species were generally lowꎬ
among which Machilus chinensis - Eurya nitida had the highest niche similarity and overlap index (0.69 and 0.87ꎬ
respectively). (2) The overall association of the main species was a significant positive associationꎬ but the significant
rate of association test between species pairs was 3.81%. (3) The intersection point of the fitted curve with line segment
y = 100-x was (39.80ꎬ 60.20)ꎬ and the Euclidean distance from the stable point (20ꎬ 80) was 28.00ꎬ which indicates
that the community of the secondary tropical rainforest along the main stream of the Nandu River is unstable. In
conclusionꎬ the secondary tropical rainforest of the main stream of the Nandu River is in the key stage of transition from
pre ̄successional to mid ̄successional. In order to maintain and enhance the stability of the community of the secondary
tropical rainforestꎬ we should take measures to close hillsides to facilitate for afforestation and reduce human
disturbance. The study provides the data basis for promoting the protection and restoration of secondary tropical
rainforests and enhancing the stability of watershed ecosystems.
Key words: tropical rainforestꎬ nicheꎬ interspecific associationꎬ community stabilityꎬ secondary forestꎬ the Nandu River
种间关系包括共存、竞争、与生境互作等ꎬ其 梁、群落稳定性为最终体现的综合分析模式( 雷德
中竞争关系和共存关系影响群落物种组成、群落 芳和王志杰ꎬ2024ꎻ栾宜通等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 开展生态
动态 和 演 化 趋 势 ( 刘 润 红 等ꎬ 2020ꎻ 吕 安 琪 等ꎬ 位、种间联结和群落稳定性研究ꎬ能全面揭示种间
2021)ꎮ 生态位是群落中各种生物资源利用情况 关系、群落基本结构及演替规律ꎬ对自然植被恢
与相关种群的关系总和ꎬ可反映物种与环境间的 复、生物多样性保护等方面具有重要意义ꎮ
相互关系( 李帅锋等ꎬ2012)ꎮ 种间联结状况是群 海南热带雨林是中国分布最集中、保存最好、
落稳定和物种关系的表征( 赵丽娅等ꎬ2021)ꎬ能体 连片面积最大的大陆海岛型热带森林( 黄耀等ꎬ
现因生境差异而引起的物种间相互吸引或排斥的 2024)ꎮ 然而ꎬ过去数十年间ꎬ大规模森林砍伐、少
状态( 康冰等ꎬ2006ꎻ岳鹏鹏等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 群落稳定 数民族刀耕火种习俗等因素导致海南热带雨林以
性可揭示群落演替进程ꎬ其变化受群落中优势物 次生林为主( 丁易和臧润国ꎬ2011)ꎮ 针对海南热
种生 态 位 变 化 和 种 间 关 系 的 影 响 ( Jin et al.ꎬ 带雨林次生林的研究主要围绕多样性( 李晨笛等ꎬ
2022)ꎮ 群落演替前期ꎬ物种间未形成特定关系ꎬ 2022)、群 落 特 征 ( 皮 志 豪 等ꎬ 2024)、 群 落 恢 复
呈现相互独立特征ꎬ群落稳定性较低ꎻ演替中期ꎬ (Zhou et al.ꎬ 2024)等方面展开ꎬ而种间关系和群
群落内种间竞争关系加剧ꎬ表现出较强的正联结 落稳定性的研究相对较少( 姜乃琪等ꎬ2020ꎻZhang
或负联结ꎬ但是群落稳定性提高ꎻ演替后期ꎬ物种 et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎻ研究区域大多集中在国家公园或各
组成趋于稳定ꎬ种间总体呈正联结或无联结和群 类保护区内ꎬ而以流域为研究区域的较少ꎮ 海南
落趋近稳定( 徐满厚等ꎬ2016ꎻ肖以华等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 岛三大流域受到人类干扰强度大ꎬ林地面积不断
围绕不同生态系统植物群落开展的生态位特征、 下降(郑婷婷等ꎬ2023)ꎬ其中南渡江流域河岸带景
种间联结及群落稳定性的研究较多( 杜忠毓等ꎬ 观变化剧烈ꎬ已对流域内热带雨林次生林造成威
2024)ꎬ内容上以生态位特征、种间联结及群落稳 胁(Mao et al.ꎬ 2024)ꎮ 本研究以海南岛南渡江干
定性两两结合分析为主ꎬ但是近年来研究内容不 流上游段为研究区域ꎬ基于 2021—2022 年的系统
再局限于种间关系与物种或群落的关系ꎬ而是逐 群落调查ꎬ分析该段热带雨林次生林主要物种生
步形成以物种生态位特征为基础、种间关系为桥 态位特征、种间联结关系和群落稳定性ꎬ拟探讨以

