Page 28 - 《广西植物》2020年第9期
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9 期                       王静等: 凉山彝族喜食的四种野菜营养成分分析                                          1 2 4 3

       fatꎬ energyꎬ vitamins and minerals in the four species of wild edible vegetables were detected and studied using the national
       standard methods. The four species of wild vegetables were Cardamine tangutorumꎬ Aralia chinensisꎬ Cirsium shansiense and
       Smilax stansꎬ which were favorite food of the Yi People in Liangshanꎬ Sichuan Province. The results were as follows: There
       are at least 17 kinds of amino acids in these four wild vegetablesꎬ of which seven were essential amino acidsꎬ and a variety
       were medicinal amino acids. Among the four wild vegetableꎬ the content of glutamic acid in Cirsium shansiense was higherꎬ
       accounting for 0.41%ꎬ and the contents of aspartic acid in Smilax stansꎬ Cardamine tangutorum and Cirsium shansiense were
       higherꎬ accounting for 0.80%ꎬ 0.33%ꎬ and 0.05%ꎬ respectively. The amount of essential amino acid/ total amino acid
       (EAA/ TAA) and essential amino acid/ non ̄essential amino acid (EAA/ NEAA) of Cirsium shansiense were the highestꎬ
       which were 34.44% and 67.78%ꎬ respectively. Compared with the cultivation of root vegetables and leafy vegetables on the
       Chinese Food Ingredients Tablesꎬ the protein content of Cardamine tangutorum was higherꎬ accounting for 3.26%ꎬ and rich
       in vitamins (VAꎬ VBꎬ VB2ꎬ VCꎬ VE and β ̄carotene). The custom of Liangshan Yi People like the four wild vegetables is
       closely related to their nutritional needsꎬ dietary habits and culture. The results indicate that the four wild vegetables have
       the characteristics with high energyꎬ low sodiumꎬ low crude fiber contentꎬ good taste and rich in mineral elements (copperꎬ
       ironꎬ zincꎬ manganese and magnesium)ꎬ and have high nutritional value and health benefits. This study provides theoretical
       basis for scientific development and utilization of wild vegetable resources in Liangshanꎬ and provides reference for the
       development of agricultural diversity in mountain areas.
       Key words: ethnobotanyꎬ Liangshan Yi Peopleꎬ wild vegetablesꎬ nutritional value

       随着物质生活水平的提高ꎬ经济条件较好的                           大自然中获取饮食的传统知识和经验( 王静等ꎬ

   家庭对食材的需求已从量的满足转向质的提高ꎬ                             2013) ꎮ 作者在 凉 山 地 区 进 行 民 族 植 物 学 调 查
   追求安全、健康和有机的食材已成为部分人群的                             时ꎬ发现当地彝族普遍喜食四种野菜ꎬ并将其采

   消费时尚ꎬ而野菜因其较少受到农药和化肥的污                             集在市场上售卖ꎬ即紫花碎米荠( Cardamine tan ̄
   染ꎬ具有较高的营养价值ꎬ可满足这些人的需求ꎮ                            gutorum) 、楤木( Aralia chinensis) 、牛口刺( Cirsium
   此外ꎬ野菜目前还是一些发展中国家偏远或贫困                             shansiense) 和鞘柄菝葜( Smilax stans) ꎮ 这四种野
   山区 人 们 食 物 中 的 重 要 组 成 ( Bortolotto et al.ꎬ       菜除程亚梅等( 1995) 对楤木属辽东楤木嫩叶芽
   2015ꎻ Reyes ̄García et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻ Pinela et al.ꎬ   的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和膳食纤维含量进
   2017)ꎬ为当地人提供诸如碳水化合物、蛋白质、维                         行了测定分析ꎬ王忠壮等(1999) 对包括楤木在内
   生素、矿物质、纤维素等丰富的营养物质ꎬ有的种                            的五种楤木属植物的齐墩果酸、氨基酸、粗蛋白
   类还具有药用价值ꎬ对当地人的身体保健和预防                             和维生素进行测定分析外ꎬ几乎无其他三种野菜

   疾病具有重要意义( Abbet et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻTowns &              营养成分的分析报道ꎮ 因此ꎬ本研究通过对凉山
   Andelꎬ 2016ꎻOmondi et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ                 彝族常食用的四种野菜进行营养成分测定分析
       至今有关中国各地常见野菜的 营 养 成 分 分                       和评价ꎬ可为科学优化当地居民饮食结构ꎬ保护
   析报道较多ꎬ但多为马齿苋、藜、蒲公英、香椿、苦                           和开发当地野菜资源ꎬ寻找新的蔬菜品种或功能
   苣菜、荠菜、蕺菜等常见种类( 李秀锦等ꎬ2004ꎻ张                        性食物提供理论依据ꎮ
   玉琴等ꎬ2014ꎻ曹利民等ꎬ2014) ꎮ 四川省凉山彝
   族自治州是全国最大的彝族聚居区ꎬ彝族人口约                             1  材料与方法

   为 265 万ꎬ占全州人口 50% 以上( 凉山彝族自治
   州史志办公室ꎬ2016) ꎮ 这一地区因其复杂的地                         1.1 用于营养分析测试的野菜种类选择
   质历史和多样化的生境及气候条件ꎬ孕育出丰富                                 用于营养分析的野菜种类的选择基于从 2016
   的物种多样性和特有成分ꎮ 丰富的生物多样性                             年 7 月至 2017 年 9 月在凉山地区进行的民族植物
   使得世代生活在这里的人民积累了大量直接从                              学调查ꎬ应用访谈法对凉山 396 名彝族人民食用
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