Page 202 - 《广西植物》2025年第1期
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1 9 8                                  广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                 development trend and the main reasons for its endangerment of the populationꎬ this paper conducted a field investigation
                 on the natural population of F. pulcherrima in Diaoluo Mountain. The age ̄class structure of the population was
                 constructed by replacing time with space. The population structure characteristics and dynamic change rules were
                 analyzed through methods such as static life table and dynamic quantitative analysisꎬ and the future development
                 potential of the population was predicted by time series model. The results were as follows: (1) The population of
                 F. pulcherrima was a growing type. The number dynamic index of entire population structure when ignoring external
                 interference (V ) was greater than the number dynamic index of entire population structure when considering external
                            pi
                 interference (V′ )ꎬ and both were greater than 0. The maximum risk probability of population to completely random
                             pi
                 disturbance (P  ) was 1.82%. The population had a complete age structureꎬ weak anti ̄interference abilityꎬ poor growth
                            max
                 and stability. (2) The life expectancy of the population reached the maximum at age classⅡꎬ and then decreased with
                 the increase of age class. Mortality rate and vanish rate peaked at age classes Iꎬ Ⅶ and Ⅸ. The survival curve was
                 Deevey ̄Ⅲ type. (3) Survival analysis showed that the population decreased sharply in the early stage and tended to be
                 stable in the middle and late stages. (4) After the time of 3ꎬ 6 and 9 age classes in the futureꎬ number of individuals in
                 the remaining age classes increased except for age classes Ⅳ and Ⅷꎬ and the population had strong natural regeneration
                 ability. Consequentlyꎬ strong light environment screening and interspecific competition are the main reasons for the
                 endangerment of F. pulcherrima. It is suggested to take measures such as moderately thinning and pruningꎬ strengthening
                 population and habitat protectionꎬ actively carrying out artificial breeding and returning population expansion to promote
                 the growth and recovery of the population.
                 Key words: Firmiana pulcherrimaꎬ population structureꎬ static life tableꎬ survival analysisꎬ time sequence prediction




                植物种群生态学主要研究植物种群及其与生                            生于枝头ꎬ颇具观赏价值ꎮ 过往因垦荒过度导致
            境间的相互关系ꎬ是植物生态学的重要组成部分                              美丽火桐生境退化和种群数量减少ꎬ已被« 中国高
            (戈峰等ꎬ2008)ꎮ 植物的种群结构与动态特征反映                         等植物受威胁物种名录» ( 覃海宁等ꎬ2017)、« 中
            了该种群和所处环境的适配度ꎬ是植物长期适应与                             国生物多样性红色名录———高等植物卷(2020)»
            进化的结果ꎮ 开展濒危植物种群结构与动态特征                             (生态环境部ꎬ中国科学院ꎬ2023) 等收录ꎬ处于濒
            研究ꎬ有助于了解该种群的数量特征、存活状态、更                            危(EN)等级ꎮ 目前ꎬ对美丽火桐的研究主要集中

            新繁 育 能 力 及 种 群 数 量 变 化 趋 势 等 ( 王 飞 等ꎬ              在繁育技术( 黎国运等ꎬ2011aꎻ周亚东等ꎬ2013)、
            2019)ꎬ在探究种群濒危机制、发展与演替规律等方                          资源分布(黎国运等ꎬ2011b)、叶绿体基因组和密
            面具有重要意义ꎮ 动态量化分析、静态生命表、生                            码子偏好性分析( Wang et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ 陆奇丰等ꎬ
            存函数、时间序列预测和谱分析等是研究植物种群                             2020)等方面ꎬ关于其种群结构与动态特征的研究
            结构与动态特征的典型分析方法ꎬ被广泛运用于珙                             未见报道ꎮ 吊罗山是美丽火桐的天然分布区之

            桐(徐云飞等ꎬ2020)、峨眉含笑(秦爱丽等ꎬ2020)、                      一ꎬ在此开展种群生态学研究对该物种的保护和
            巴山榧树(江波等ꎬ2018) 等珍稀濒危植物研究中ꎮ                         发展具有现实意义ꎮ 基于此ꎬ本研究以吊罗山美
            植物种群结构与动态特征研究结果是有关部门对                              丽火桐自然种群为研究对象ꎬ采用编制静态生命
            其开展保护利用工作的科学基础ꎬ为合理制定物种                             表、绘制存活曲线、动态量化分析、计算生存函数

            保育策略、实施种群复壮等提供依据ꎮ                                  等方法对野外调查数据进行统计分析ꎬ探究了美
                 美丽 火 桐 ( Firmiana pulcherrima) 为 锦 葵 科        丽火桐种群结构、动态变化规律、自然更新能力和
            (Malvaceae)梧桐属( Firmiana) 落叶乔木ꎬ是我国                 主要致濒原因等科学问题ꎬ明确了美丽火桐种群
            特有种和国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物( 国家林业                             生存现状和发展趋势ꎬ并提出了种群保育和恢复
            和草原局  农业农村部ꎬ2021)ꎮ 主要分布于海南                         建议ꎮ 以期为吊罗山美丽火桐种群复壮、群落增
            吊罗山、尖峰岭等中部山区的低地雨林、山地雨林                             长及生境保护等提供科学依据ꎬ也为有关国家重
            和山谷溪旁ꎬ亦见于广西和云南ꎮ 美丽火桐花叶                             点保护野生植物研究应用、生物多样性保护等提
            不同期ꎬ花期时叶片落尽ꎬ红色聚伞状圆锥花序着                             供基础参考ꎮ
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