Page 60 - 《广西植物》2026年第3期
P. 60

4 3 6                                  广  西  植  物                                         46 卷
                 Abstract: Swertia chirayitaꎬ referred to as “Jati” in Tibetan medicineꎬ is traditionally employed for the treatment of
                 hepatic and biliary disorders and has demonstrated significant efficacy in managing diabetes. To explore the chemical
                 constituents and biological activities of the medicinal plant S. chirayitaꎬ various chromatographic techniques were applied
                 to isolate and purify the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were
                 identified using modern spectroscopic methods (NMRꎬ MS). Furthermoreꎬ the glucose uptake and antioxidant activities
                 of the isolated some compounds were evaluated. (1) Twenty compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extractꎬ
                 including twelve xanthone derivativesꎬ two iridoidsꎬ and two flavonoids. Twenty compounds were identified as bellidifolin
                 (1)ꎬ 1ꎬ 3ꎬ 5ꎬ 8 ̄tetrahydroxyxanthenone ( 2)ꎬ 1ꎬ 8 ̄dihydroxy ̄3ꎬ 7 ̄dimethoxyxanthone ( 3)ꎬ 1ꎬ 8 ̄dihydroxy ̄3ꎬ 5 ̄
                 dimethoxyxanthone (4)ꎬ 1 ̄hydroxy ̄3ꎬ5ꎬ8 ̄trimethoxyxanthone ( 5)ꎬ 1ꎬ7ꎬ8 ̄trihydroxy ̄3 ̄methoxyxanthone ( 6)ꎬ 1 ̄
                 hydroxy ̄3ꎬ7ꎬ8 ̄trimethoxyxanthone (7)ꎬ 1 ̄hydroxy ̄3ꎬ5 ̄dimethoxyxanthone (8)ꎬ 1ꎬ3ꎬ8 ̄trihydroxy ̄7 ̄methoxyxanthone
                 (9)ꎬ norswertianin (10)ꎬ 1ꎬ3ꎬ7 ̄trihydroxyxanthone (11)ꎬ 1ꎬ3ꎬ5 ̄trihydroxyxanthone (12)ꎬ amaroswerin (13)ꎬ
                 amarogentin (14)ꎬ luteolin (15)ꎬ quercetin (16)ꎬ ( +) ̄syringaresinol (17)ꎬ gentianine (18)ꎬ swerimilegenin C
                 (19)ꎬ and dehydroxyl ̄swerimilegenin H (20). Among themꎬ compounds 4ꎬ 6ꎬ 7ꎬ 9ꎬ 12ꎬ 15ꎬ 17ꎬ 19ꎬ 20 were isolated
                 for the first time from S. chirayita. Distinct from congeneric species such as S. mileensi (characterized by monoterpene
                 glycosides and polyhydroxy xanthones )ꎬ S. chirayita exhibits a unique phytochemical profile dominated by
                 polymethoxylated xanthones and iridoid glycosides. This chemotaxonomic divergence likely reflects ecological adaptations
                 to its high ̄altitude habitat and underpins its traditional therapeutic efficacy in treating metabolic disorders. (2) The
                 glucose uptake assay showed that compounds 2ꎬ 4ꎬ 6ꎬ and 10-14 had good glucose uptake activitiesꎻ the intracellular
                 ROS measurement results indicated that compounds 1 and 7 had strong inhibitory effectsꎬ while compounds 10 and 14
                 had good promoting effects. This study enriches the chemical profile of S. chirayita and further clarifies its constituents
                 that affect glucose uptake and exhibit antioxidant activitiesꎬ providing a chemical foundation for further pharmacological
                 research.
                 Key words: Swertia chirayitaꎬ chemical constituentsꎬ xanthonesꎬ iridoidꎬ glucose uptakeꎬ antioxidant activity




                龙胆科 (Gentianaceae) 獐牙菜属 (Swertia L.)           种在我国西藏林芝、山南地区以及云南香格里拉
            植物全球约含 170 种ꎬ其中中国有 80 种ꎬ尤以西                        的海拔 2 800 ~ 4 000 m 高山草甸中呈零星分布ꎬ野
            南地区最为集中ꎮ 獐牙菜属植物在国内有悠久的                             生种群密度较低ꎬ每平方米不足 0.5 株( Kumar &
            药用历史ꎬ如« 中华人民共和国药典» 收录的青叶                           van Stadenꎬ 2016)ꎬ并且由于过度采挖ꎬ该物种资
            胆 (S. mileensis) 具有清热解毒ꎬ利湿退黄功效ꎬ可                   源逐渐枯竭ꎬ已对藏药产业的可持续发展构成了
            应用于护肝、解痉、镇静等( 谭冰ꎬ2019)ꎮ 此外ꎬ另                       严重威胁ꎮ 根据藏医学经典« 四部医典» 的记载ꎬ
            一个重要的獐牙菜属植物川东獐牙菜 ( S. davidi)                      印度獐牙菜(藏名“甲蒂” 或“ 蒂达加布”) 性寒、味
            同样以其清热燥湿、泻火解毒的作用而闻名ꎬ常用                             极 苦ꎬ 具 有 清 热 解 毒 的 显 著 功 效 ( 钟 国 跃 等ꎬ
            于治疗湿热黄疸、肝胆疾病等问题ꎮ 从化学成分                             2012)ꎮ 糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的代谢性
            的角度来看ꎬ该属植物主要特征性成分是环烯醚                              疾病ꎬ其主要病理机制包括胰岛素分泌不足和胰
            萜类和 酮类ꎬ这些成分展现出广泛的药理作用ꎮ                             岛素抵抗(Saltiel & Kahnꎬ 2001)ꎮ 在藏医理论中ꎬ
            例如ꎬ环烯醚萜类化合物中的獐牙菜苦苷对多种                              印度獐牙菜寒凉药性和苦味特性被认为能够调节
            实验 性 肝 损 伤 具 有 一 定 的 保 护 效 果 ( 陈 康 等ꎬ              “赤巴”———藏医理论中与热和代谢相关的体液ꎬ
            2016)ꎬ 酮类化合物雏菊叶龙胆酮具有抗氧化活                           从而有效治疗“吉尼萨克病”———糖尿病的藏医学
            性ꎬ并且对 α ̄糖苷酶活性有一定的抑制作用( 赵维                          描述ꎬ缓解因“ 热盛” 引发的代谢紊乱( 仲 格 嘉ꎬ
            等ꎬ2016)ꎮ                                           2014)ꎮ 统计数据显示ꎬ在藏医用于治疗糖尿病的
                 印度獐芽菜 ( S. chirayita) 同样为龙胆科獐芽                药材中寒凉药材占比最高ꎬ其中味苦、性寒并具有
            菜属植物ꎬ原植物主产于尼泊尔、印度、不丹ꎬ分布                            清热 解 毒 功 效 的 药 材 比 例 达 到 59. 1% ( 宋 宁ꎬ
            于喜马拉雅山脉温带地区( 孙磊等ꎬ2011)ꎮ 该物                         2021)ꎬ这一点与印度獐牙菜的药性和功效高度契
   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   62   63   64   65