Page 125 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
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4 期           黄文俊等: 不同采收期对‘东红’猕猴桃果实贮藏性、品质和响应低温的影响                                           6 8 3

             ( State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Cropsꎬ Wuhan Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Wuhan 430074ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: In order to elucidate the effects of different harvest times on fruit maturityꎬ storage performanceꎬ eating
                 qualityꎬ and response to low temperature of the new red ̄fleshed kiwifruit cultivar ‘Donghong’ꎬ the fruits of ‘Donghong’
                 grown in Danjiangkou Cityꎬ Hubei Provinceꎬ were harvested at nine different times (H1-H9)ꎬ ranging from 125 to 181
                 days after full bloom (DAFB) in this study. One group of the fruit was stored at 1 ℃ for 16 weeks to evaluate the effects
                 of different harvest times on fruit maturityꎬ softening rateꎬ storage disorderꎬ and soft ripening quality. Another group of
                 the fruit was stored at 1ꎬ 5ꎬ 10ꎬ 20 ℃ for 7 days to assess the influence of different harvest times on the fruits response
                 to low temperature. The results were as follows: (1) The fruit from H1 to H6 exhibited similar early maturity at harvestꎬ
                 whereas those from H7 to H9 had an advanced maturityꎬ with the fruit being in a rapid softening phase. Howeverꎬ no
                 significant difference in dry matter content were observed among each harvest time except between H1 and H2. (2)
                 Harvest time significantly affected fruit softening process during cold storage. The early ̄harvested ( H1 - H3) fruits
                 displayed a typical sigmoidal softening curve with three distinct phases ( slow ̄fast ̄slow)ꎬ while the mid ̄ and late ̄
                 harvested fruits showed an incomplete sigmoidal curve with only one or two softening phases. (3) The time taken for fruit
                 firmness to reach the edible threshold (9.81 N) decreased significantly with delayed harvestꎬ from 15 weeks for H1 to 3
                 weeks for H9. (4) Only the early ̄harvested (H1-H3) fruits exhibited a relatively high rot rate (5.0%-16.5%)ꎬ while
                 the rates for all other harvest times were within the range of 1.0%-2.0%. (5) Harvest time had no significant overall
                 effect on indicatorsꎬ such as soluble solids content (SSC)ꎬ total sugarꎬ total acidityꎬ SSC/ acidityꎬ and sugar/ acidity in
                 ripe fruitꎬ while vitamin C content progressively declined with delayed harvest. (6) The capacity of fruit to respond to 10
                 ℃ low ̄temperature induction with accelerated softening was evident across different harvest timesꎬ but this capacity
                 weakened in the H8-H9 fruits with delayed harvest. In conclusionꎬ harvesting ‘Donghong’ kiwifruit too early (H1-H3)
                 increases the risk of storage rotꎬ while harvesting too late (H7-H9) significantly shortens storage period. Howeverꎬ
                 harvest time has no significant effect on the main flavor quality traitsꎬ such as SSCꎬ total sugarꎬ total acidityꎬ and their
                 respective ratios. The period of 159-165 DAFBꎬ corresponding to a fruit firmness of approximately 55 Nꎬ represents the
                 critical point for rapid softening. It is recommended to harvest before this critical point and utilize 10 ℃ treatment to
                 achieve rapid post ̄ripening of the fruits.
                 Key words: kiwifruitꎬ harvestꎬ storageꎬ fruit qualityꎬ softeningꎬ low temperature




                猕猴桃因风味独特和富含维生素 C、矿质元素、                             猕猴桃为非典型的呼吸跃变型果实ꎬ具有生
            膳食纤维等营养成分ꎬ而享有“水果之王” 的美誉ꎬ                           理后熟特征ꎮ 商业上通常在生理成熟时采收果
            深受国内外消费者喜爱ꎮ 随着红心猕猴桃品种‘红                            实ꎬ并 通 过 低 温 贮 藏 以 延 长 贮 藏 期 和 供 应 期
            阳’的选育(Wang et al.ꎬ 2003)和推广ꎬ全球猕猴桃                  (McAtee et al.ꎬ 2015ꎻ Burdonꎬ 2018)ꎮ 果实采收
            市场呈现绿肉、黄肉、红肉(心) 类型多元并存的格                           时的生理状态( 即采收成熟度)ꎬ结合采后温度管
            局ꎬ但目前全球主栽品种仍以绿肉类型为主ꎬ如‘徐                            理ꎬ是决定其贮藏性能、果实品质及消费者接受度
            香’ ‘翠香’ ‘Hayward’等(钟彩虹等ꎬ2021ꎻZhong et              的关键因素(Burdon et al.ꎬ 2004ꎻ Burdonꎬ 2018)ꎮ
            al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ 在我国ꎬ‘红阳’ 猕猴桃品种存在树势                     大量研究表明ꎬ不同采收期对猕猴桃成熟度、果实
            弱、产量低、抗逆性差以及易感溃疡病与软腐病等                             品质和贮藏性能有显著影响( Costa et al.ꎬ 1997ꎻ

            问题ꎬ产业发展受到制约ꎬ种植面积呈萎缩之势ꎮ                             Maguire et al.ꎬ 2005ꎻ Burdon et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻ 王琪凯
            为应对此挑战ꎬ中国科学院武汉植物园从‘红阳’实                            等ꎬ2016ꎻChoi et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Tilahun et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ
            生后代中选育出新型红心品种‘东红’ꎮ 该品种兼                            袁怀瑜等ꎬ2020ꎻGoldberg et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 过早采收
            具高抗、优质与极耐贮等优点( 钟彩虹等ꎬ2016ꎻ黄                         虽可提早上市ꎬ但常因果实发育不充分而增加冷
            文俊等ꎬ2019)ꎬ截至 2022 年ꎬ其国内种植面积已逾                      害风险并降低果实品质ꎮ 例如ꎬ较早采收( 盛花期
            2 万 hm ꎬ成为仅次于‘红阳’ 的第二大红心猕猴桃                        后 149 ~ 170 d) 的‘ Hort16A’ 果实ꎬ在 1 ℃ 下贮藏
                   2
            品种(Zhong et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ                            12 周后的冷害率( >80%) 显著高于中晚期采收的
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