Page 118 - 《广西植物》2020年第9期
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9 期                金秋珠等: 产壳聚糖酶内生真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶活力初步研究                                          1 3 3 3


    ( 1. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protectionꎬ Ministry of Educationꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ
          Chinaꎻ 2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecologyꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. College of
                          Life Sciencesꎬ Guangxi Normal Universityꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ China )

       Abstract: Endophytic fungi are good sources for exploring high diversity of chitosanase and discovering new enzymes. In
       this studyꎬ chitosanase ̄producing strains were screened and identified from 122 endophytic fungi associated with citrus
       and Stephania dielsianaꎬ and the factors affecting the activity of chitosanase were preliminarily studiedꎬ in order to pro ̄
       vide an experiment basis for further study on the enzymatic properties and the interaction between chitosanase ̄producing
       endophytic fungi and host plant resistance to diseases. Two endophytic fungi Stdif9 and Stdif9 ̄4 were found to produce
       chitosanase by transparent circle method and liquid fermentation method. The highest activity of Stdif9 ̄4 (0.968 U
           ̄1                                           ̄1
       mL ) was significantly higher than that of Stdif9 (0.780 UmL ). Stdif9 ̄4 was identified as Penicillium sp. Stdif9 ̄4 by
       morphological method and sequencing analysis of ITS gene. The factors affecting on the chitosanase activity were studied
       by DNS reagent method. The results showed that the chitosanase activity reached maximum at 96 h of cultivation. In addi ̄
                                   2+    2+                                         +   2+   2+
       tionꎬ among the nine metal ionsꎬ Mn and Ca had obvious activation effect on chitosanase activity. Ag ꎬ Zn ꎬ Cd ꎬ
         2+     3+                                              +
       Ba and Fe had different inhibitory effects on chitosanase activityꎬ and Ag showed more significant inhibitory effectꎬ
             +      +
       while K and Na did not show significant effect on enzyme activity. There was no significant differences in enzyme
       activity between different cultured generationsꎬ which indicate that the enzyme activity is stable.
       Key words: plant endophytic fungiꎬ chitosanaseꎬ enzyme activityꎬ Penicilliumꎬ Stephania dielsiana



       自 1973 年 Monaghan et al.(1973) 首先报道了          植物体各类组织内而不引起宿主植物产生明显病
   壳聚糖酶(chitosanase)是一种不同于几丁质酶的新                     害症状、与宿主植物互惠共生的真菌( Abdalla &
   酶以来ꎬ壳聚糖酶的基础与应用研究已成为目前的                            Matasyohꎬ2014)ꎮ Rajulu et al.(2011) 首次从陆生
   研究热点ꎮ 壳聚糖酶不水解胶态几丁质ꎬ但能够水                           植物内生真菌中筛选产几丁质修饰酶的菌株ꎬ发
   解完全脱乙酰化的壳聚糖ꎬ所以该酶被认为是专一                            现其中 37%的内生真菌可产生多种类型的壳聚糖
   性水解线性壳聚糖的酶ꎬ主要存在于真菌、细菌及                            酶ꎮ Venkatachalam et al. ( 2015) 从海藻和海草的

   植物中(鲁晶娣等ꎬ2018)ꎮ 近年来ꎬ大量研究表明ꎬ                       117 株内生真菌中发现 41%的菌株产生的壳聚糖
   壳聚糖酶可以作为生物防治剂ꎬ能提高植物的抗病                            酶可水解脱乙酰度为 56% 的壳聚糖ꎬ66% 的菌株
   能力ꎬ与细胞壁的降解、营养代谢等均密切相关ꎬ在                           产生的壳聚糖酶可水解脱乙酰度为 38% 的壳聚
   回收利用甲壳素中的氮和碳素等方面也起着重要                             糖ꎬ56%的菌株产生的壳聚糖酶可水解脱乙酰度
   的作用(Kouzai et al.ꎬ2012ꎻThadathil & Velappanꎬ2014ꎻ  为 1.6%的壳聚糖ꎮ Rajulu et al.(2011) 和 Venkat ̄
   Radhakrishnan et al.ꎬ2017ꎻ鲁晶娣等ꎬ2018)ꎮ 此外ꎬ         achalam et al.(2015) 的研究均发现来源于不同植
   其水解产物壳寡糖具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、促进                           物的同种内生菌的酶具有高度多样性ꎮ

   伤口愈合等多种独特的生理活性和功能ꎬ在医药、                                植物中普遍含有内生真菌ꎬ种类繁多ꎮ 从植
   食品、化妆品等领域中具有广阔的应用前景(Aam et                        物内生真菌中筛选产壳聚糖酶菌株将有利于发现
   al.ꎬ2010ꎻPark & Kimꎬ2010ꎻJaiswal et al.ꎬ2019)ꎮ    种类丰富多样的壳聚糖酶ꎬ也将有利于水解产生
       不同微生物来源的壳聚糖酶的种类及性质具                           多种不同类型的壳寡糖ꎬ为农业、医药业及食品工
   有较大差异ꎮ 植物内生真菌是探索不同种类壳聚                            业等提供更多有利资源ꎮ 本研究从柑橘和血散薯
   糖酶及发现新酶的资源宝库( Rajulu et al.ꎬ2011ꎻ                 的 122 株内生真菌中筛选产壳聚糖酶的菌株ꎬ初
   Venkatachalam et al.ꎬ2015)ꎮ 目前ꎬ对植物内生真             步研究酶活力影响因素ꎬ为后续进一步研究其酶
   菌壳聚糖酶的研究仍然极少ꎮ 植物内生真菌是指                            学特性和功能、明确产壳聚糖酶内生真菌与宿主
   在其生活史中的某一阶段或全部阶段生活在健康                             植物互作关系等奠定基础ꎮ
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