Page 151 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
P. 151
4 期 朱周俊等: 梵净山尖连蕊茶花粉育性与形态比较研究 7 0 9
( Guizhou Provincial Education Department Engineered Research Center for Innovation and Utilization of Oil Camelia Germplasm Resourcesꎬ
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Regionꎬ College of
Agriculture and Forestry Engineering and Planningꎬ Tongren Universityꎬ Tongren 554300ꎬ Guizhouꎬ China )
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the variations in pollen fertility and morphological characteristics among
different provenances of Camellia cuspidata from Fanjing Mountainꎬ thereby providing insights for parental selection in
hybrid breeding. Nine superior variety individuals of C. cuspidata from different provenances were used as experimental
materials. Pollen number was determined using a cellulase decomposition methodꎬ pollen viability was assessed through
in vitro agar germination assaysꎬ and pollen morphological features were observed via scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). Cluster analysis was conducted based on the following quantitative traits: polar axis length (P)ꎬ equatorial axis
diameter ( E)ꎬ sulcus length ( L)ꎬ P / E valueꎬ P × E valueꎬ and L/ P value. The results were as follows:
(1) C. cuspidata from Fanjing Mountain exhibited high pollen productivity and viability. The number of pollen grains per
anther ranged from 4 780 to 12 950. Pollen germination rate exceeded 91.20% in all genotypes except for FJSCF9ꎬ which
showed a germination rate of 71.43%. (2) The exine ornamentation of C. cuspidata pollen included six distinct types:
foveolateꎬ reticulateꎬ cerebroidꎬ rugulate ̄granularꎬ rugulate ̄reticulateꎬ and rugulate. Considerable morphological
2
variation was observed among the nine provenances. Pollen size (P × E) ranged from 1 903 to 2 275.92 μm ꎬ and the
pollen L/ P values between 0.79 and 0.89. The polar axis length of FJSCF3 (64.20 μm) was significantly greater than
those of other provenances (P<0.05)ꎬ while the sulcus length of FJSCF12 (43.77 μm) was significantly shorter than
those of other provenances (P<0.05). (3) Cluster analysis classified the nine provenances into three groups: Group I
comprised six accessions (FJSCF1ꎬ FJSCF4ꎬ FJSCF8ꎬ FJSCF9ꎬ FJSCF10ꎬ and FJSCF11)ꎬ characterized by medium ̄
sized pollenꎻ GroupⅡincluded two accessions (FJSCF12 and FJSCF13) with relatively small pollenꎻ Group Ⅲ consisted
solely of FJSCF3ꎬ which had the largest pollen grainsꎬ along with the greatest P and P × E values (64.20 μm and
2
2 275.92 μm ꎬ respectively). In conclusionꎬ the nine provenances of C. cuspidata from Fanjing Mountain demonstrated
high pollen fertilityꎬ suggesting their potential use as paternal parents in hybridization breeding. Additionallyꎬ pollen
morphology and exine sculpturing patterns can serve as auxiliary indicators for intraspecific classification and
identification.
Key words: Camellia cuspidataꎬ pollen numberꎬ pollen viabilityꎬ pollen morphologyꎬ cluster analysis
尖连蕊茶( Camellia cuspidata) 隶属于山茶科 Yin 等(2024) 应用花和花粉形态的 11 个指标将
(Theaceae)山茶属( Camellia)ꎬ为常绿灌木ꎮ 山茶 18 个不同基因型的油茶( C. oleifera) 分为三类ꎻ
属植物因其具有芳香( Jullien et al.ꎬ 2008ꎻ宋晓虹 Ran 等(2024) 利用孢粉学结合解剖学及分子系
等ꎬ2009ꎻ Fan et al.ꎬ 2019)、 抗 花 腐 病 ( Denton ̄ 统学综合分析ꎬ明确了冬青叶山茶( C. ilicifolia)
Giles et al.ꎬ 2013) 及密花等特性在束花茶花种质 和狭叶瘤果茶( C. neriifolia) 为独立物种ꎻXiao 等
创新等方面的发展逐渐受到关注ꎬ尖连蕊茶兼具 (2024) 使用孢粉学结合分子系统学探讨了瘤果
生态与经济多重开发潜力ꎬ其种子含油率约 20%ꎬ 茶组( sect. Tuberculata)5 个种的分类地位ꎻ此外ꎬ
所提油脂可作为润滑油、印刷油墨及润发油等工 花粉育性水平与形态特征( 包括大小、形状、外壁
业原料ꎻ根、叶、花等器官性微苦寒ꎬ兼具传统清热 纹饰及萌发孔结构) 直接影响花粉 -柱头识别机
解毒功效与现代抗炎药理活性ꎻ其突出的环境适 制及授粉成功率ꎬ是解析植物生殖适应性、优化
应性、耐修剪性及芳香特性ꎬ更使其成为兼具生态 杂交育种策略的关键切入点( 常春义等ꎬ 2018) ꎮ
修复、园林造景与抗逆育种的特色资源( 倪穗和李 在茶花种质创新中ꎬ花粉育性与形态的系统研究
纪元ꎬ2005)ꎮ 贵州省梵净山地区拥有丰富的尖连 可为种间鉴定、杂交亲本选配、生殖障碍突破及
蕊茶资源ꎬ均处于野生状态ꎬ具有很大的开发利用 优良性状整合提供理论依据( 李广清等ꎬ2005) ꎮ
前景ꎮ 于波等 ( 2018) 探 究 了 碳 源 对 短 柄 细 叶 连 蕊 茶
花粉特 征 是 鉴 定 山 茶 属 植 物 的 有 力 工 具ꎮ ( C. parvilimba) 花粉萌发的影响ꎬ发现适宜碳源

